• Contents Indexed by Author (A to M)
• Contents Indexed by Author (N to Z)
• Contents Indexed Chronologically (1844 thru 1858)
• Contents Indexed Chronologically (1859 thru 1911)
• Functions of the Coast Survey and the Coast and Geodetic Survey
  

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ALEXANDER AGASSIZ
LOUIS AGASSIZ
JAMES ALDEN
STEPHEN ALEXANDER
W.D. ALEXANDER
ANONYMOUS
R.S. AVERY
ALEXANDER DALLAS BACHE
GEORGE MIFFLIN BACHE
JACOB W. BAILEY
ALBERT LESEUR BALDWIN
EDWARD BALLARD
F.A.P. BARNARD
JOHN R. BARTLETT
WILLIAM A. BARTLETT
J.M. BATCHELDER
LOUIS A. BAUER
JAMES B. BAYLOR
GEORGE BELL
HENRY W. BLAIR
WILLIAM P. BLAKE
WILLIAM CRANCH BOND
ALBERT BOSCHKE
CHARLES O. BOUTELLE
WILLIAM BOWIE
J.S. BRADFORD
ANDREW BRAID
CAPTAIN CHARLES BRYANT
WILLIAM H. BURGER
A.S. CHRISTIE
FREDERICK COLLINS
BENJAMIN A. COLONNA
EDWARD CORDELL
THOMAS JEFFERSON CRAM
TUNIS AUGUSTUS MACDONOUGH CRAVEN
RICHARD D. CUTTS
WILLIAM H. DALL
GEORGE O. DAVIDSON
G.W. DEAN
WILLIAM WARD DUFFIELD
C.R. DUVALL
WILLIAM EIMBECK
CHARLES E. EMERY
GEORGE A. FAIRFIELD
ROBERT L. FARIS
JOHN FARLEY
WILLIAM FERREL
ERNST G. FISHER
J.A. FLEMER
JOHN A. FLEMING
GUSTAVUS VASA FOX
OWEN B. FRENCH
FERDINAND H. GERDES
WOLCOTT GIBBS
G.K. GILBERT
SAMUEL A. GILBERT
JAMES MELVILLE GILLISS
J.R. GILLISS
EDWARD GOODFELLOW
J. HOWARD GORE
BENJAMIN APTHORPE GOULD
WILLIAM E. GREENWELL
ROLLIN A. HARRIS
A. M. HARRISON
E.E. HASKELL
JOHN F. HAYFORD
DANIEL L. HAZARD
NICHOLAS HUNTER HECK
EDWIN HERGESHEIMER
J. HEWSTON, JR.
JULIUS ERASMUS HILGARD
W.C. HODGKINS
T.B. HUGER
EDWARD BISSELL HUNT
EDWARD JADERIN
WILLIAM M. JOHNSON
E.O. KENDALL
DR. J. G. KOHL
C.H. KUMMEL
J. HOMER LANE
WILLIAM LIBBY, JR.
O.M. LIEBER
GEORGE LITTLE
ADOLPH LINDENKOHL
EDWARD P. LULL
JOHN NEWLAND MAFFITT
HENRY L. MARINDIN
GEORGE MATHIOT
WILLIAM P. McARTHUR
JOHN MECHAN
THOMAS CORWIN MENDENHALL
MANSFIELD MERRIMAN
ORMSBY M. MITCHEL
HENRY MITCHELL
HUGH C. MITCHELL
FREMONT MORSE
A.T. MOSMAN
ALEXANDER MURRAY

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ALEXANDER AGASSIZ

Appendix No. 1879 - 6. Pp. 95-102. Dredging operations in the Caribbean Sea. [Oceanography; Marine Geology; Marine Biology; Instrumentation.]

LOUIS AGASSIZ

Appendix No. 1851 - 10. Pp. 145-160. Florida reefs, keys, and coast. Topography of Florida; mode of formation of the reef; animal life; the keys; coral reefs; ship channel; the mainland; coast survey; physical changes in the Gulf Stream; changes in ages to come. [Geology; Topography; Marine Biology; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1866 - 19. Pp. 120-130. Florida reefs, keys, and coast. Topography of Florida; mode of formation of the reef; animal life; the keys; coral reefs; ship channel; the mainland; coast survey; physical changes in the Gulf Stream; changes in ages to come. [Geology; Topography; Marine Biology; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 17. Pp. 183-186. Geological and zoological researches; their relation to general interests in the development of coastal features. [Geology; Marine Biology; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1869 - 10. Pp. 208-219. Report upon deep-sea dredgings in the Gulf Stream during the third cruise of the United States Steamer BIBB. Fauna of the submarine zones; reef zone; sedimentary zone; coral slope of living cretacean types; floor of foraminiferine mud; geological inferences; inclination of the reefs; pot holes; formation of oolithic, amorphous, and compact limestones; embryology of corals and formation of colonies by disk embranchment; extinct forms representing modern developmental transitions; lines to be dredged. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream; Marine Biology; Marine Geology.]

JAMES ALDEN

Appendix No. 1852 - 18. Pp. 104-107. Report of Lieut. Commanding James Alden, U.S.N., Assistant in the Coast Survey, on the reconnaissance from San Francisco to San Diego, including Santa Barbara Islands and channel. [Reconnaissance.]

STEPHEN ALEXANDER

Appendix No. 1860 - 21. Pp. 229 - 275. Solar Eclipse, July 18, 1860. Results of the expedition to Aulezavik Island, Labrador, to observe the total eclipse of July 18, 1860; tabular comparison of chronometers; arrangement and programme; description of the telescopes employed; synopsis of the observations; times of contacts; same in local mean time (civil reckoning); other observations; reports from special parties; earth temperature (Aulezavik); atmospheric electricity; icebergs, mirage, triple rainbow, etc.; auroras; table of meteorological observations made during the hours corresponding to the eclipse at Aulezavik, from July 14 to July 23, and during the continuance of auroras from June 30 to August 6; observations with Arago's polariscope; report of photographers; changes of illumination; seamen's observations; winds; magnetic elements; longitude by chronometers. [Astronomy; Geodesy; Longitude; Geophysics; Magnetism; Meteorology; Geographical Exploration.]

W.D. ALEXANDER

Alexander, W.D., Appendix No. 1902 - 7. Pp. 367-426. Hawaiian geographic names. Preface; list of Hawaiian geographic names organized by: islands; districts; channels; bays and harbors; capes and points; rivers and streams; ponds; elevations; lands; towns, villages, and hamlets. Meaning of Hawaiian geographic names; glossary; alphabetical list of Hawaiian geographic names. [Geography; Orthography.]

ANONYMOUS

Appendix No. 1847 -11. P. 75. Table showing temperatures at depths below 700 fathoms, taken by Lieutenants Commanding C.H. Davis in 1845, George M. Bache in 1846, and Samuel Phillips Lee in 1847. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream.]

Appendix No. 1851 - 12. Pp. 162-442. List of geographical positions determined by the Coast Survey. (This was the first great data report for providing the information derived from Coast Survey observations to the general public for use in land surveys, civil works, and Government projects. This enlightened policy helped maximum utility of Coast Survey work for the citizens of the United States.) [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 7. Pp. 14-42. List of geographical positions. [Data Report; Geographical Positions.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 40. Pp. 122-127. Solar Eclipse, May 26, 1854. Observations made at Brooklyn, Long Island, reported by E. Blunt; at Seaton Station, Washington, D.C., by C.O. Boutelle; at Roslyn Station, near Petersburg, Virginia, by L.F. Pourtales; Black Mountain Station, California, by R.D. Cutts; Benicia, California, by Professor James Nooney; and Humboldt Bay, California, by George Davidson. [Astronomy; Geodesy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 43. Pp. 142-145. Table of magnetic declination. Results of Coast Survey magnetic observations at 136 stations along the coast of the United States. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 52. Pp. 189-190. Current bottles. One from Mobile Bay to Mosquito Inlet and one from Cape Florida to Jupiter Inlet. [Oceanography; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 8. Pp. 119-148. List of geographical positions. [Data Report; Geographical Positions.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 25. Pp. 171-176. Florida Keys. Survey of the General Land Office, including reports on the general topography and triangulation, on the determination of the shore-line, and reconnaissance of Barnes Sound, Florida. [Reconnaissance; Triangulation; Topography.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 54. P. 359. Bottle paper. Current bottle card thrown over near Sandy Hook and picked up at the bar at Santa Cruz, one of the Western Islands. [Oceanography; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 18. Pp. 133-137. Depths in channel entrances of harbors, rivers, ports, and anchorages on the coasts of the United States. [Hydrography; Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 36. Pp. 260-261. Type curves, Gulf of Mexico. Descriptive references to Sketch No. 38, representing the decomposition of curves of observation. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 46. Pp. 279-280. Cards from current bottles. Picked up on the shore of Loggerhead Key, Fla. and on the North Caicos, Bahamas. [Oceanography; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 60. Pp. 308 -310. Subsidiary base apparatus. Description of a modification devised for ascertaining the temperature of rods in use. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 70. Pp. 335-340. Coast Survey Steamer HETZEL. Report on cause of boiler explosion. [Ship; Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 21. Pp. 178-184. Depths in channel entrances of harbors, rivers, ports, and anchorages on the coasts of the United States. [Hydrography; Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 23-24. Pp. 223-264. List of topographic and hydrographic sheets, showing their titles, dates, scales, and registered numbers, as filed in the office. (Encompassed in this listing are many of the first accurate surveys of much of the United States coastline from Maine to Mexico on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and from San Diego to Puget Sound on the Pacific coast.) [Data Report; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 25. Pp. 264-301. List of geographical positions. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 37. Pp. 358-373. New York Harbor; report of Advisory Council to the Commissioners. Transmitting the comparative map of the harbor and bay. Physical causes of change: (1) Changes at Sandy Hook; (2) northern side of entrance, Coney Island and south shore of Long Island; (3) New York bar; (4) New York upper bay; (5) Newark Bay; (6) Hudson River; (7) East River to Throgs Neck; statistical extracts. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Hydrography; Shoreline Changes; Social Issues.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 21. Pp. 186-189. Method of computing longitude from moon culminations. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 15. Pp. 168-171. Depths in channel entrances of harbors, rivers, ports, and anchorages on the coasts of the United States. [Hydrography; Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1859 -16. Pp. 172-175. Variation of the compass. General table for the use of navigators. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 18. Pp. 212-214. Topographic sheets. [Data Report; Topography.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 19. Pp. 215-216. Hydrographic sheets. [Data Report; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 20. Pp. 216-277. List of geographical positions. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 28. Pp. 320-321. Current cards thrown from the surveying steamer CORWIN, and found on the eastern coast of Florida. [Oceanography; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 28. Pp. 351-352. Declination, dip, and intensity at various stations. Supplementary to Appendix No. 1856 - 30 and Appendix No. 1858 - 24. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 36. Pp. 361-391. Formulae for computing latitudes, longitudes, and azimuths, with an example as used in the Coast Survey office, and tables for each minute of latitude from 23o to 50o. [Computations; Geodesy.]

Appendix No. 1861 - 13-14. Pp. 176-180. List of topographic and hydrographic sheets. [Data Report; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1861 - 15. Pp. 180-181. Drawing paper. Results of experiments made on the relative expansion and contraction, under atmospheric changes, of parchment paper and backed antiquarian paper. [Drafting.]

Appendix No. 1861 - 17. Pp. 196-221. Report on the determination of longitude by occultation of the Pleiades, with an example showing the mode of computation; Greenwich, Cambridge (England,) Ashurst, Washington City, Philadelphia, and Boston observatories computed; solutions of the equations for the correlation of the moon's place and of the longitude. [Geodetic Astronomy; Longitude; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 5. Pp. 86-92. Depths in channel entrances of harbors, rivers, ports, and anchorages on the coasts of the United States. [Hydrography; Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 20. Pp. 230-231. Declination, dip, and intensity at various stations (supplementary to lists given in Annual Reports of 1856, 1858, and Appendix 1860 - 28.) [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Reports.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 27. P. 255. Drawing paper tested with reference to expansion and contraction under atmospheric changes. [Drafting.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 15 and 1863 - 16. Pp. 143-146. List of topographic and hydrographic sheets. [Data Report; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 15. Pp. 144-182. List of geographical positions. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 19. Pp. 207-210. Results of magnetic observations made in the United States by Professor J.N. Nicollet between 1832 and 1836. (Nicollet made expeditions to the upper Great Plains with John Charles Fremont during this period. He was also a personal friend of Ferdinand Hassler, first superintendent of the Coast Survey.) [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report; History.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 8. Pp. 50-99. List of topographic and hydrographic sheets. [Data Reports; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 9. Pp. 99-136. List of geographical positions in Sections V, VI, VII, and IX. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 10. P. 137. List of geographical positions determined, approximately, in West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Missouri. (These positions were determined in support of Union Army and Navy operations during the Civil War.) [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 11. P. 138. Explanation of diagram of type curves of the tides on the Pacific coast. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 18. Pp. 166-174. Results of magnetic observations made at Eastport, Maine, between 1860 and 1864. Diurnal range of declination; annual inequality; epochs of greatest diurnal deflection; mean monthly values of declination between August, 1860, and July, 1864; annual effect of the secular change; annual inequality of the declination; comparison to similar data at Toronto observatory. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 20. Pp. 176-186. Projection tables for a map of North America. [Cartography; Projections.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 21. Pp. 186-189. Method of computing from moon culminations; notes on observations of moon culminations; forms and example. [Geodetic Astronomy; Longitude; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 21. Pp. 187 - 203. Results of the primary triangulation of the coast of New England, from the northeastern boundary to the vicinity of New York. Length and accuracy of the Fire Island base line, Massachusetts base line, and Epping base line; the geodetic connection of the three primary base lines in Maine, Massachusetts, and New York; their degree of accordance and resulting accuracy of the intervening primary triangulation, etc. [Base Line Measurements; Triangulation.]

Appendix No. 1866 - 7. Predictions for Eastport as a specimen. (In 1866 the Coast Survey began publishing a separate volume of tide tables for one year in advance for the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.) [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 18. Pp. 265-274. List of topographic and hydrographic sheets of Alaska, by Russian authority. ( This is part of the George Davidson report on Russian Alaska that was influential in assuring that the United States purchase Alaska.) [Data Report; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1868 - 13. Pp. 171-242. List of geographical positions determined by the Coast Survey. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1869 - 8. Pp. 116-198. Solar eclipse, August 7, 1869. Reports of observations of the eclipse of the sun on August 7, 1869, made by parties of the Coast Survey at the following stations: Bristol, Tennessee, in charge of Richard D. Cutts; Shelbyville, Kentucky, by Joseph Winlock and G. W. Dean; Springfield, Illinois, by C.A. Schott; Des Moines, Iowa, by Julius E. Hilgard; Kohklux, Chilkaht River, Alaska, George Davidson; general path of the eclipse; contacts; obscuration of solar spots; breaking of sun's limb by lunar asperities; effects of optical inaccuracies; totality; protuberances; corona; emergence; northern and southern limits of totality ascertained; spectroscopic observations; photographic records; reduction of micrometric photograph measures; deviation of photographed sun's outline from a circle, after corrections; computations of results. [Astronomy; Geodesy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 9. Pp. 90-91. List of heights, above the half-tide level of the ocean, of trigonometric stations determined by the U.S. Coast Survey. [Geodesy; Leveling; Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 10. Pp. 92-97. Description of bench marks at tidal stations. [Oceanography; Tides; Geodesy; Leveling.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 12. P. 100. Results of telegraphic determination of longitude of San Francisco, Cal. [Geodesy; Geodetic Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 13. Pp. 101-106. Abstract of results for difference of longitude between Harvard Observatory, Mass., the Coast Survey station Seaton, and the Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C., as determined by means of the electric telegraph in 1867 by the U. S. Coast Survey, with the cooperation of Prof. Joseph Winlock, Director of Harvard Observatory, and Commodore B. F. Sands, U.S.N., Superintendent Naval Observatory. [Geodesy; Geodetic Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 16. Pp. 115-177. Reports of observations upon the solar eclipse of December 22, 1870; extent of corona as indicated by the spectroscope; nature of the coronal envelope and its relation to the sun; constitution of the solar atmosphere; suggestions with reference to the observation of future eclipses. [Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 5. Pp. 84-92. List of original topographic and hydrographic sheets registered in archives of the U.S. Coast Survey from January 1, 1866, to December 31, 1871. [Data Report; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 17. Pp. 193-209. General index of professional and scientific papers contained in the Coast Survey reports from 1851 to 1870. [Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 18. Pp. 210-219. Errata in the Coast Survey reports from 1851 to 1870. [Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 6-7. Pp. 82-93. List of original topographic and hydrographic sheets registered in the archives of the Coast Survey from June, 1865, to January, 1873. [Data Report; Report; Topography; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 14. P. 138. List of stars for latitude observations. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 15. Errata in the Heis Catalogue of Stars. [Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1874 - 6. Pp. 62-65. Geographical positions of prominent places in the United States. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1874 - 7. Pp. 66-71. Depths in channel entrances of harbors, rivers, ports, and anchorages on the coasts of the United States. [Hydrography; Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1874 - 11. P. 134. Additional geographical positions determined astronomically by the Coast Survey on and near the western coast. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 7. Pp. 89-114. Original topographic sheets registered in the archives of the Coast Survey from January, 1834, to July, 1875. Nos. 1 to 1378, inclusive. [Data Report; Topography.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 8. Pp. 115-138. List of hydrographic sheets, geographically arranged, registered in the archives of the Coast Survey from January, 1835, to July, 1875. Nos. 1 to 1244, inclusive. [Data Report; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 19. Pp. 315-368. Formulae and factors for the computation of geodetic latitudes, longitudes, and azimuths. [Computations; Geodesy.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 7. P. 83-129. A catalogue of stars for latitude observations. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 23. Pp. 407-409. List of publications relating to the deep-sea investigations carried on in the vicinity of the coasts of the United States under the auspices of the Coast Survey. [Oceanography; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1882 - 22. Pp. 503-516. Report of a conference on gravity determinations. [Geophysics; Gravity.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 6. Pp. 135-321. Tables for the projection of maps, based upon a polyconic projection of the Clarke spheroid, and computed from the equator to the pole. History of the projection tables of the Survey; the Clarke spheroid; formulae used in establishing tables; arrangement and explanation of the tables; graphic construction of polyconic projections for limited areas; conversion tables; lengths of degrees of the meridian; arcs of the parallel in meters; meridional arcs; coordinates of curvature. [Cartography; Projections; Computations; History.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 7. Pp. 323-375. Formulae and factors for the computation of geodetic latitudes, longitudes, and azimuths. (Third edition.) [Computations; Geodesy.]

Appendix No. 1891 - 16. Pp. 565-746. Proceedings of the topographical conference held at Washington, D.C., January 18 to March 7, 1892. [Topography.]

Appendix No. 1893 - 9. Pp. 223-424. Proceedings of the Geodetic Conference held at Washington, D.C., January 9 - February 24, 1894. General report; proceedings of the conference. Reports of committees on: reconnaissance; base lines; triangulation; geodetic astronomy; hypsometry; Alaska, including proposed triangulation scheme, base lines, gravity experiments, etc.; instruments; office and field relations; geodetic arcs; magnetics; gravity; equipment. Supplement including several letters from Coast and Geodetic Survey field and office personnel. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Triangulation; Instrumentation; Geophysics; Magneitcs; Gravity.]

Appendix No. 1894 - 9. Pp. 277-348. Formulae and tables for the computation of geodetic positions. (Fourth edition.) Prefatory remarks; formulae and factors for the computation of geodetic latitudes, longitudes, and azimuths; form for primary triangulation; form for subordinate triangulation; form for inverse problem; table of corrections to longitude for differences of arc and sine; table of values of log. sec. (Delta Phi) ; tables for converting meters to feet and feet to meters; tables for converting kilometers to statute miles, and statute miles to kilometers; formulae and tables for computing the spherical excess of triangles; tables for M, computed for the Clarke spheroid; table of logarithms of factors A, B, C, D, E, F, based upon the Clarke spheroid of 1866 and the metric system, between latitudes 18o and 72o. [Computations; Geodesy.]

Appendix No. 1894 - 10. Pp. 349-615. Geographic positions of trigonometric points in the State of Massachusetts, determined by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey between the years 1843 and 1894, and including those determined by the Borden survey in the years 1832 to 1838. [Data Report; Geographic Positions; Geodesy; Triangulation.]

Appendix No. 1895 - 11. Pp. 399-516. List of original topographic and hydrographic sheets, geographically arranged, registered in the archives of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from January, 1834, to December 31, 1895. [Topography; Hydrography; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1900 - 4. Pp. 485-500. Proportions and spacing of Roman letters. [Cartography.]

Appendix No. 1901 - 4. Pp. 303-340. Extension of tables for the computation of geodetic positions to the equator. General statement; formulae; example of computations; table of corrections to longitude for difference in arc and sine; table of log sec delta phi; formula and table for computing the spherical excess; constants; table of factors A,B,C, D, E, F. [Geodesy; Computations.]

R.S. AVERY

Appendix No. 1868 - 6. Pp. 103-108. Mode of forming a brief tide table for a chart, with example. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 5. Pp. 66-69. Tabular statement of results computed for tide tables for charts of the western coast of the United States. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 6. Pp. 70-74. Mode of forming brief prediction tide tables. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1872 - 6. Pp. 69-72. Field and office work related to tides. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 8. Pp. 130-142. Methods of registering tidal observations. Bench-marks; tide-gauges; self-registering tide-gauges; use of three roller gauge; large cylinder gauge; tabulating high and low water; hourly readings; scales of heights; time, precautions. [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

ALEXANDER DALLAS BACHE

Appendix No. 1851 - 7. Pp. 127-136. Notes on Cat Island tides. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1851 - 8. Pp. 136-137. Graphical method of representing current observations, as used in the Coast Survey. [Oceanography; Currents.]

Bache, A.D., Appendix No. 1851 - 50. Pp. 528 - 530. Report relating to Trinidad, Humboldt, and San Diego Bays. [Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1852 - 22. Pp. 111-122. Discussion of Cat Island tides. Diurnal and semidiurnal curves deduced from observations, with curves of sines; diurnal wave; heights and times; maximum ordinates of diurnal curve, etc.; effect of sun's declination on height; effect of moon's parallax; coefficients; computed diurnal ordinates compared with observations; residuals classed by moon's ages; same corrected by change of cosines; difference of diurnal maximum ordinates, from last and from first methods of groups -- semidiurnal effect; correction to maximum diurnal ordinate for high-water ordinate; further residual corrections; comparison with hypothesis; semidiurnal curve; half monthly inequality in height; discrepancies between observations and formulas. (Alexander Dallas Bache was quite interested in tides even prior to his association with the Coast Survey. This appendix, besides being his first major technical foray into the realm of tides, presented his analysis of tides in the Gulf of Mexico, a phenomena which had defied rational explanation prior to sustained Coast Survey observations.) [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 26. Pp. 67-70. Tide tables for the use of navigators, with descriptions of bench marks, explanations and examples for use. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 27. Pp. 71-76. Notes on tides at Key West. Half-monthly inequality of tides, one year's observations; diurnal inequality with formula; decomposition of the curves of observation; effect of moon's declination and moon's age; changes of mean level; height of high water referred to moon's age; etc. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 28. Pp. 77-81. Notes on tides at Rincon Point, Cal. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 29. Pp. 81-82. Notes on the tides at San Francisco, Cal. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 19. Pp. 25-28. Letter to the Commissioner of the General Land Office communicating the results of the survey of the Florida Keys, near Key West and Spanish Harbor; method of marking lines, etc.; description of keys surveyed. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Topography.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 33. Pp. 63-95. Computation of triangulation. Comparison of the reduction of horizontal angles by the methods of "dependent directions" and of "dependent angular quantities' by the method of least squares.-- A.D. Bache. Adjustment of horizontal angles of a triangulation. Probable error of observation, derived from observations of horizontal angles at any single station. -- C.A. Schott. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Computations; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 45. Pp. 147-152. Cotidal lines, Atlantic. Preliminary determinations of cotidal lines on the Atlantic coast of the United States, from observations by the U. S. Coast Survey; observations for cotidal hours; cotidal hours of ports on the Atlantic coast; rate and trend of cotidal lines. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 46. Pp. 152-155. Diurnal inequality, western coast tides. Comparison of the diurnal inequality of the tides at San Diego, San Francisco, and Astoria from Coast Survey tidal observations. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 47. Pp. 156-161. Gulf Stream temperatures. On the distribution of temperatures in and near the Gulf Stream: (1) at different depths; (2) at the same depths on sections across the axis of the Gulf Stream with probable uncertainty in determination of the maximum and minimum points; (3) connection with the figure of the sea bottom with the distribution of temperature; (4) the "cold wall;" (5) reference to shifting; and (6) chart of Gulf Stream. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 51. Pp. 180-189. Tide tables for the use of navigators; explanation of tables and description of bench marks. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 30. Pp. 193-200. Coast Survey Sailing Directions. Catalogue of sailing directions, list of dangers, etc., contents of a collection supplementary to the Coast Survey reports. Prepared for publication under the direction of the Superintendent. [Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 47. Pp. 295-306. Table of magnetic declinations in geographical order from Coast Survey observations; with notes by A. D. Bache and J. E. Hilgard. Discussion of magnetic declination: (1) Northern part of the Gulf of Mexico; (2) Atlantic coast; (3) Pacific coast. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 50. Pp. 338-342. Pacific cotidal lines. Tide stations on the western coast of the United States; data for cotidal lines; cotidal hours; cotidal groups; discussion of the middle group between Cape Mendocino and Point Conception. Chart of cotidal lines. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 51. Pp. 342-346. Earthquake waves, Pacific Ocean. Notice of earthquake waves observed on newly installed self-registering tide gauges on the western coast of the United States; December 23 and 25, 1854; computation of ocean depth. (This remarkable appendix derives a relatively accurate oceanic depth between Japan and the Pacific coast of the United States. Bache computed tsunami velocities as well as depth of the ocean. Without the new technology of the self-registering tide gauge, the necessary observations would not have been made.) [Oceanography; Tides; Seismology.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 52. Pp. 346-347. Gulf of Mexico tides. Observations and type curves at the several stations, showing their decomposition into diurnal and semidiurnal tides. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 53. Pp. 347-359. Tide tables for the use of navigators. (Prepared by the Coast Survey for publication by E.&G.W. Blunt Co., representing an early example of cooperation between a Government agency and the private sector.) [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 17. Pp. 120-133. Tide tables for the use of navigators, adapted to the coasts of the United States, with descriptions of benchmarks, explanations, and examples for use. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 28. Pp. 209-225. (1839-1855.) Terrestrial magnetism. A. D. Bache and J.E. Hilgard. Discussion relative to its distribution in the United States. Methods and sources used; corrections for secular variation; construction of maps; comparison of maps for declination, dip, and intensity; supplementary note on Mexican observations; Table I, Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coast sections; Table II, near parallel 35o, Whipple's expedition; III, from various new sources -- lakes, territories, Panama; IV, residual differences between the Coast Survey observations, reduced to 1850, and the values obtained from the accompanying map. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 34. Pp. 249-251. Prediction tables. Notes on the progress made in their preparation with reference to tides of Boston harbor. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 35. Pp. 252-260. Cotidal lines, Gulf of Mexico. Discussion and preliminary determination; diurnal waves; stations; diurnal intervals; tide elements of the stations; semidiurnal tides; comparison of establishments of diurnal and semidiurnal tides in the Gulf of Mexico. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 38. Pp. 263-264. Tidal currents at Sandy Hook. Notes on the causes of northwardly increase of the peninsula. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 44. Pp. 272-276. Winds in the Gulf of Mexico. Discussion relative to the disturbance caused in the intervals of successive tides at several stations on the Gulf Coast. Observations at Key West, Fort Morgan, Ala., and Galveston, Tex. [Oceanography; Tides; Meteorology.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 52. Pp. 286-289. Report of the Superintendent to the Commissioner of the General Land Office on progress made in survey and marking in quarter sections of the Florida keys. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 20. Pp. 157-158. Tide tables for the use of navigators, and description of co-tidal and sailing lines along the Atlantic coast of the United States. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 26. Pp. 302-305. Epping Base, Maine. Notes on the preparation of site, measurement of line, and progress, as compared with other measurements of the Coast Survey. (This base line was the last to be measured by Bache and the first to be measured on irregular ground.) [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 30. Pp. 314-324. Chronometric determination of the difference of longitude between Savannah, Ga., and Fernandina, Fla., and discussion of the method. Alexander Dallas Bache and Charles Anton Schott. Chronometers used; personal equation; temperature compensation; chronometer comparisons - table; stationary and traveling rates; tables of comparison and discussion. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 33. Pp. 342-347. Atlantic coast tides. Generalization of heights relative to the configuration of the coast. Heights of tides on the Atlantic coast of the United States and on the coast of Cape Breton and New Brunswick. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 36. Pp. 354-358. Winds on the western coast. Tables for deducing from the three daily observations the mean of the quantities of wind for Astoria, San Francisco, and San Diego. Includes wind statistics. [Meteorology.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 42. Pp. 382-390. Florida Keys. Superintendent's report to Commissioner of General Land Office on progress made in survey and marking of the keys. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 20. Pp. 184-186. Personal equation. On the use of the zenith telescope for determining latitude by Talcott's method - table showing results of observations for personal equations. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 24. Pp. 191-192. Magnetic elements. Continuation of Appendix No. 1856 - 28. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 27. Pp. 197-203. New York Bay and Sandy Hook. On the character of the tidal currents in the vicinity of the bar; normal currents at the entrance to New York Bay and False Hook Channel and the approaches; currents of Sandy Hook Bay. Tables of lunar time, duration, velocity, and direction of currents; velocities corrected for diurnal and half-monthly inequalities. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 35. Pp. 225-227. Florida Keys. Superintendent's report to Commissioner of General Land Office on progress made in survey and marking of the keys. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 42. P. 274. List of papers which accompanied a report on Coast Survey progress made to the Treasury Department in December, 1857. (See also Senate Report No. 6; Thirty-fifth Congress, second session, volume 6. [Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 43. Pp. 275-297. Tide tables for the use of navigators. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 14. Pp. 136-167. Tide tables and sailing lines for the use of navigators. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 22. Pp. 278-295. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, Philadelphia, in 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, and 1845. Part I. Investigation of the eleven-year period in the amplitude of the solar-diurnal variation and of the disturbances of the magnetic declination; Introduction; separation of disturbances and establishment of normal readings of the declinometer; analytical expressions of the regular solar-diurnal variation of the declination; inequality of the amplitude due to the eleven (or ten) year period; discussion of the number of disturbances of the declination and their annual inequality; diurnal inequality of the number of disturbances of the declination; deflections by disturbances with their mean annual and diurnal amount, and effect of the eleven (or ten) year period; Connection of the frequency of solar spots with the changes in the amplitude of the diurnal variation of the declination. (Over the next five years, Bache would publish a total of twelve reports on the observations of the Girard College Magnetic Observatory. Bache's observatory at Girard College was the first permanent magnetic observatory in the United States.) [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 25. Pp. 306-310. Gulf Stream. Distribution of temperature in the water of the Florida channel and straits. Form of bottom; change of temperature with depth; temperature in a direction across the stream; bands of warm water and cold water; the "cold wall;" longitudinal section; effects of pressure on Saxton's deep-sea thermometer, under pressure and free from pressure; thermometers No. 5 and 10. [Oceanography; Currents; Gulf Stream; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 16. Pp. 131-164. Tide tables for the use of navigators. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 17. Pp. 165- 176. Gulf Stream. General account of the methods used in developing its hydrography, and summary of results obtained: (1) instruments for temperatures; for depth; for obtaining specimens of the bottom; (2) plan of the work; (3) method of discussion of results; (4) results; type curves of law of distribution of temperature, with depth at the most characteristic positions; type curves of law of distribution of temperature across the stream; curves of temperature at the same depths; curves of depths at the same temperatures. -- Table I. Distance of the cold wall from the shore, and widths of the several bands of cold and warm water of the Gulf Stream, measured on the lines of the sections; (5) limit of accuracy of the determinations; II, probable uncertainty in the determination of maximum and minimum points by running the same sections over in different years, by different observers; III, value of probable error of determination of the bands for each section and the average of the whole; (6) figure of the bottom of the sea below the Gulf Stream; (7) general features of the Gulf Stream. [Oceanography; Currents; Gulf Stream.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 23. Pp. 293-312. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part II, investigation of the solar-diurnal variation in the magnetic declination, and its annual inequality; the solar-diurnal semi-annual inequality; analytical and graphical exhibition of the solar-diurnal variation for each month, summer, winter, and year; maxima and minima, and times of average value of declination; diurnal range; annual variation of the declination. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 24. Pp. 312-324. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part III, investigation of the influence of the moon on the magnetic declination; lunar influence on the declination with tabular results according to the moon's hour angle; comparison of lunar-diurnal variation for three epochs; resulting lunar-diurnal variation; inequality in the lunar-diurnal variation; investigation of deflections depending upon lunar phases, variation in declination and in parallax. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1861 - 9. Pp. 98 - 131. Tide tables for the use of navigators. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1861 - 19. Pp. 232-239. Solar eclipse of July, 1860. Abstract of observations made at Gunstock Mountain, New Hampshire; (1) dispositions; (2) first contact; (3) positions of spots; tables of various observations; (4) occultations of spots; (5) last contact; (6) phenomena. [Astronomy; Solar Activity.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 8. Pp. 93 - 126. Tide tables for the use of navigators. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 9. Pp. 126-128. Cotidal lines of the Gulf of Mexico deduced from recent observations. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 15. Pp. 161-185. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part IV, investigation of the eleven (or ten) year period and of the disturbances of the horizontal component of the magnetic force. Instrumental notice; correction for readings for changes of temperature; scale values; correction for progressive instrumental change; hourly normals for each month; horizontal intensity, absolute value, effect of the loss of magnetism of the bar, secular change; separation of the large disturbances; corrected normals; investigation of the eleven (or ten) year period , from changes of amplitude of the solar-diurnal variation; eleven (or ten) year inequality as indicated by the disturbances; analysis of the disturbances, annual and diurnal variation; classification of the disturbances according to their magnitude. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 16. Pp. 186-200. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part V, investigation of the solar-diurnal variation and of the annual inequality of the horizontal component of the magnetic force. Preparation of hourly normals for each month; regular solar-diurnal variation; semiannual inequality in the diurnal variation; analysis of the solar-diurnal variation; epochs of maxima and minima, amplitude, epochs of average value; annual variation of the force. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 17. Pp. 202-212. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part VI, influence of the moon on the magnetic horizontal force. Number of observations for lunar discussion and their distribution according to western and eastern hour angles of the moon, differences for monthly normals, arranged for moon's hour angles; lunar-diurnal variation for two periods; lunar-diurnal variation in summer and winter; analysis of the lunar-diurnal variation; investigation of the horizontal force in reference to lunar phase; influence of the moon's changes of declination; influence of the moon's distance. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 19. Pp. 212-229. Abstract of results of a magnetic survey of Pennsylvania and parts of adjacent states in 1840 and 1841, with some additional results of 1843 and 1862. Declinations observed by Bache in 1840 and 1841; tabular comparison of secular changes in 1840, 1841, and 1862; chronometric results for longitude; geographical positions; distribution of declination for 1842.0; general table of results referred to common epoch, 1842.0; comparison of observed and computed values; distribution of dip and isoclinal lines for 1842; correction to epoch; comparison of observed and computed dip; horizontal intensity and isodynamic lines for 1842; tabular formation of groups for the analytical expression of the distribution of horizontal force referred to 1842.0; comparison of observed and hypothetical computed values; representation of the total force. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 24. Pp. 238-241. Earthquake waves. Reprinted from Appendix No. 1855 - 51. [Oceanography; Seismology.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 12. Pp. 84-117. Tide tables for the use of navigators. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 19. Pp. 156-183. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part VII, investigation of the eleven-year period and of the disturbances of the vertical component of the magnetic force, with a supplement on the effect of auroral lights. Instrumental notice; determination of the effect of changes of temperature , scale values, reduction of observations to a uniform temperature; recognition and separation of the larger disturbances; the eleven year period investigated relative to changes in the amplitude of the diurnal variation; investigation of eleven year period from changes in the disturbances and their general analysis; annual inequality in the number and amount of disturbances; diurnal inequality of the disturbances; classification of the disturbances according to their magnitude; effect of the aurora borealis on the declination, the horizontal and vertical force. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 20. Pp. 183-195. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part VIII, investigation of the solar-diurnal variation and of the annual irregularity of the vertical component of the magnetic force. Preparation of hourly normals for each month and year; regular solar diurnal variation; analysis of the diurnal variation; maxima and minima, ranges, epochs of average force; annual inequality of the vertical force. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 21. Pp. 196-204. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part IX, investigation of the influence of the moon on the magnetic vertical force. Number of observations for lunar discussion, distribution according to eastern and western hour-angles, differences from monthly normals arranged for moon's hour-angles; lunar diurnal variation in summer and winter; analysis of the lunar diurnal variation of the vertical force; lunar effect upon inclination and total force. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 8. Pp. 58-90. Tide tables for the use of navigators. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 16. Pp. 183-190. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part X, analysis of the disturbances of the dip and total force. Formation of table of disturbances of the two component parts and their combination for dip and total force; analysis of disturbances of the inclination; annual inequality in amount and number; eleven-year inequality in amount and number; diurnal inequalities, amount and number; analysis of disturbances of total force; amount and number of annual inequalities and eleven -year inequalities; diurnal inequalities in amount and number; classification of disturbances in total force. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 17. Pp. 191-199. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part XI, solar diurnal variation and annual inequality of the inclination and total force. Combination of the diurnal normals of the two components for dip and total force; solar diurnal variation of the inclination and its semi-annual inequality; analysis of the solar diurnal variation of the dip; maxima and minima, ranges and epochs of average value; solar diurnal variation of the total force and its semi-annual inequality; analysis of the solar diurnal variation of the total force; annual inequality of the dip and total force. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 18. Pp. 199-204. Discussion of the magnetic and meteorological observations made at the Girard College Observatory, 1841-1845. Part XII, discussion of the magnetic inclination and table of absolute values of the declination, inclination, and intensity between 1841 and 1845. Discussion of the magnetic inclination; abstract of observation of dip and monthly means; collection of dip observations at Philadelphia; analytical expression of secular change of dip normal; absolute values of the magnetic declination, dip, horizontal, vertical, and total force for five epochs, and the mean epoch, January, 1843. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 18. Pp. 205-206. Index to Girard College observations. (This is an addenda to Appendix No. 1864 - 18. Apparently, this appendix was the last professional work of Alexander Dallas Bache prior to developing the debilitating illness that led to his death in early 1867.)

Appendix No. 1866 - 18. Pp. 113-119. Tidal observations at Cat Island, Gulf of Mexico. Reprinted from Appendix No. 1851 - 7. [Oceanography; Tides.]

GEORGE MIFFLIN BACHE

Appendix No. 1846 - 4. Pp. 46-53. Letters on the exploration of the Gulf Stream. (In these letters, Bache writes to his brother, Alexander, of discoveries in the Gulf Stream including the "Cold Wall." George M. Bache, while engaged in Gulf Stream explorations, was killed in the hurricane of September 8, 1846, along with ten of his crew on the Coast Survey Brig WASHINGTON.) They were among early martyrs to the cause of American science.) [Oceanography; Gulf Stream; Currents.]

JACOB W. BAILEY

Appendix No. 1855 - 55. P. 360. Gulf stream bottoms. On the characteristics of some bottoms from the Cape Florida Gulf Stream section. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream; Marine Geology.]

ALBERT LESEUR BALDWIN

Appendix No. 1901 - 3. Pp. 229-302. On the measurement of nine base lines along the Ninety-eighth Meridian. Preface; plans for the base measures; the Massachusetts Institute Tape Apparatus. Time table; unit of length; Shelton comparator; Sequin comparator; duplex bars; thermometer corrections; field trestles in use with the duplex apparatus; discussion of results with duplex measures. Steel tape apparatus; field procedure with steel tapes; method of determining the length of steel tapes; coefficients of expansion; adopted equations of tapes. The Shelton Base; the Page Base; the Anthony Base; the El Reno Base; the Bowie Base; the Stephenville Base; the Lampasas Base; the Alice Base; the Sequin Base; summary of results. Cost of base-line measurements; speed attained with with bars and tapes; errors of duplex measures; various tape errors and corrections; conclusions. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1904 - 9. Pp. 489-763. Triangulation in California - Part I. General statement; the primary triangulation; the unit of length; the Los Angeles base line; statement of adjustments; abstract of horizontal directions; condition equations; accuracy as indicated by corrections to observed directions; accuracy as indicated by corrections to angles and closure of triangles; the accord of the bases; treatment of the subordinate triangulation; accuracy of the subordinate triangulation; explanation of the positions, lengths and azimuths, and of the United States Datum; descriptions of stations; computation, adjustment, and accuracy of stations; table of elevations; index to positions, descriptions, and elevations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Base Line Measurement; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1907 - 3. Pp.67-104. Hayford, J.F., and Baldwin, A.L. The earth movements in the California earthquake of 1906. General statement; extent of new triangulation; the old triangulation; permanent displacements produced by the earthquakes of 1868 and 1906. Tables of displacements: Group I, northern part of triangulation; Group II, southern end of San Francisco Bay; Group III, vicinity of Colma; Group IV, Tomales Bay; Group V, Vicinity of Fort Ross; Group VI, Point Arena; Group VII, Southern part of primary triangulation. Summary of distribution of earth movement; discussion of assumptions; changes in elevation. (Although the Coast Survey had made many incidental measurements in the earth-quake prone region of California before and after major earthquakes including the Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857, this represented the first time that it conducted a geodynamic study solely for the purpose of determining regional earth movements.) [Geodesy; Triangulation; Geophysics; Seismology.]

Duvall, C.R., and Baldwin, A.L., Appendix No. 1910 - 5. Pp. 173-430. Triangulation in California, Part II. General statement; primary and secondary triangulation executed in 1906-1907; tertiary triangulation in the vicinity of Colma, Tomales Bay, Fort Ross, and Point Arena -- 1906-1907. Old triangulation and the earthquake of 1906; earthquake of 1868; triangulation from Monterey Bay to San Francisco Bay, 1851-1895; triangulation from Golden Gate to Point Arena, 1854-1891; triangulation from Point Arena to Shelter Cove, 1870-1897; triangulation from Shelter Cove to Trinidad Head, 1854-1872. Inland peaks and astronomic stations; adjustment of the subordinate triangulation; United States Standard Datum; lengths; tables of geographic positions, azimuths, and lengths; latitudes, longitudes, azimuths, and lengths corrected for the 1906 earthquake; positions corrected for earthquake movements; descriptions of stations; elevations; index to geographic positions, descriptions, sketches, and elevations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Data Report; Geophysics; Seismology.]

Baldwin, A.L., Appendix No. 1911 - 5. Pp. 343-414. Triangulation along the Ninety-eighth Meridian, Sequin to Point Isabel, Texas. General statement; program of observations; adjustments; condition equations; accuracy as indicated by corrections to observed directions, as indicated by corrections to angles, and as indicated by closures of triangles; the accord of bases; accord in azimuth; errors; cost; explanation of positions, lengths, and azimuths, and of the United States Standard Datum; tables of positions; descriptions of stations; computation, adjustment, and accuracy of elevations; elevations; index to positions, descriptions, sketches, and elevations; sketches. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Base Line Measurement; Latitude; Longitude; Azimuths; Computations; Error Analysis.]

EDWARD BALLARD

Appendix No. 1868 - 14. Pp. 243-259. Geographical names on the coast of Maine. [History; Orthography.]

F.A. P. BARNARD

Appendix No. 1867 - 7. Pp. 134-137. Comparison of metres. Comparison of an iron metre forwarded to France by the Government of the United States. [Weights and Measures; Standards of Length.]

JOHN R. BARTLETT

Appendix No. 1882 - 18. Pp. 451-457. John R. Bartlett and Werner Suess. Report on the Siemens electrical deep-sea thermometer. Test of thermometer on the U.S. Coast Survey steamer BLAKE, with tables of results obtained at different depths and under different conditions and a description of the apparatus. [Oceanography; Instrumentation.]

WILLIAM A. BARTLETT

Appendix No. 1851 - 56. Pp. 553-558. Hell Gate Channel. Examination of reefs and changes produced by blasting. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1852 - 8. P. 84. On Pot Rock, Hell Gate. [Hydrography.]

J.M. BATCHELDER

Appendix No. 1858 - 38. Pp. 247-248. Sounding apparatus and tide meter proposed by E.B. Hunt. (Notes by J.M. Batchelder on the principles and applications of this early pressure sounding device.) [Hydrography; Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 35. Pp. 365-366. Tide meter. Results of experiments made with the apparatus devised by E. B. Hunt. [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

LOUIS A. BAUER

Bauer, L. A., Appendix No. 1899 - 10. Pp. 943 - 951. The magnetic work of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Past work; isogonic charts published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey; isoclinic and isodynamic charts; magnetic observatories; magnetic work in the polar regions. Present and future work; secular variation investigations; magnetic survey of the country; state magnetic surveys; magnetic survey of ocean areas; magnetic observatories. [Geophysics; Magnetism.]

Appendix No. 1902 - 5. Pp. 303-332. Bauer, L.A. and Fleming, J.A. The magnetic observatories of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in operation on July 1, 1902. Selection of sites of the magnetic observatories: Cheltenham, Maryland; Sitka, Alaska; Honolulu, Hawaii; and Baldwin. Construction of the magnetic observatories at Cheltenham, Sitka, and Honolulu. Equipment of the magnetic observatories at Cheltenham, Sitka, Honolulu, and Baldwin. Geographic positions and magnetic elements of the magnetic observatories. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1902 - 6. Pp. 333-366. Hazard, D.L.and Bauer, L.A. Results of magnetic dip and intensity observations made by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey between January, 1897, and June, 1902. Preface; introduction; summary of results; results from other sources; magnetic observatories; instruments; methods of observing; comparisons of dip circles; corrections to dip circles; accuracy of results; arrangement of the table; table of results of dip and intensity observations. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Computations; Instrumentation; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1903 - 5. Pp. 931-1004. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1902, and June 30, 1903. Introduction; geographic distribution of stations; summary of results; special investigations; instruments and methods of observing; accuracy of results; comparison of instruments; corrections to dip circles; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations made during the year; description of stations in various states, territories, the District of Columbia, and three foreign countries. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1904 - 3. Pp. 183-256. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1903, and June 30, 1904. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution; observations at sea and their distribution; general methods of observing; accuracy of results; comparison of instruments; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea for the past year; descriptions of stations observed in 24 states and territories including Porto Rico (Puerto Rico), the Philippines, Guam, and Alaska; observations in the Bahamas and Canada. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1905 - 3. Pp. 105-192. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1904, and June 30, 1905. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution; secular change of magnetic declination; observations at sea and their distribution; general methods of observing; accuracy of results; comparison of instruments; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea for the past year; descriptions of stations observed in 40 states and territories including Porto Rico (Puerto Rico), the Philippines, Guam, and Alaska; observations in the Canal Zone and Jamaica. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1906 - 3. Pp. 105-210. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1905, and June 30, 1906. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution;observations at sea and their distribution; general methods of observing; accuracy of results; comparison of instruments; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea for the past year; descriptions of stations observed in 40 states and territories including Porto Rico (Puerto Rico) and foreign countries. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1906 - 4. Pp. 211-226. Distribution of the magnetic declination in the United States for January 1, 1905, with isogonic chart and secular change table. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

JAMES B. BAYLOR

Appendix No. 1891 - 11. Pp. 365-474. Descriptive catalogue of publications relating to the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1807-1890, and to U.S. standards of weights and measures. Compiled by Edward Goodfellow, Cephas H. Sinclair; and J. B. Baylor. [Miscellaneous; History.]

Appendix No. 1899 - 9. General report on the magnetic survey of North Carolina. Introduction; historical sketch of the fundamental phenomena of the Earth's magnetism; general account of the magnetic survey of North Carolina ; magnetic instruments and methods; variations of the magnetic declination; secular variation of the magnetic declination in North Carolina; table of magnetic declinations at the county seats from 1750 to 1900; distribution of the magnetic declination in North Carolina; directions to surveyors concerning the use of the county meridians; description of the magnetic stations. [Geophysics; Magnetism.]

GEORGE BELL

Appendix No. 1861 - 29. Pp. 263-264. Coast of Texas above Galveston Bay. Extracts from a descriptive report. Capt. George Bell, U.S. Army, Assistant in the Coast Survey. [Reconnaissance.]

HENRY W. BLAIR

Appendix No. 1882 - 14. Pp. 329-426. Records and results of magnetic observations made at the charge of the 'Bache Fund" of the National Academy of Sciences, from 1871 to 1876. Executed under the direction of J. E. Hilgard; data collected and abstract prepared by H. W. Blair. Prefatory remarks; magnetic survey 1871-'76; description of stations; declinations for 1871-'76; table of declinations; horizontal intensity for 1871-'76; method of observing; tables of results for horizontal intensity; table of general results for dip, declination, and intensity; summary of results for 1871-1876. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 18. Pp. 489-493. Brief account of the exhibit made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey at the Southern Exposition, Louisville, Kentucky, 1883. [Miscellaneous.]

WILLIAM P. BLAKE

Appendix No. 1855 - 65. Pp. 376-398. Geological report, western coast. Observations on the physical geography and geology of the coast of California, from Bodega Bay to San Diego; physical geography of the mountain ranges adjoining the coast; geology of the principal bays and ports from Point Reyes to San Diego. [Geology; Geographic Exploration.]

WILLIAM CRANCH BOND

Appendix No. 1850 - 6. P. 79. Differences of longitude between Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Liverpool, England, observatories. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 32. Pp. 84-86. On moon culminations observed by the "American method," with remarks on the performance of Bond's spring governor. Comparison of records made by two spring governors differing one-tenth of a second in time of vibration of their respective pendulums; table of star transits; amount of probable errors. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Instrumentation; Longitude; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 34. P. 88. Computations of the chronometer expeditions for determining the difference of longitude between Cambridge and Liverpool. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 37. P. 120. Moon culminations. Observed by the American method; chronometric longitude of Cambridge and probable error. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 42. Pp. 138-142. Chronometric longitude expeditions (Cambridge - Liverpool.) Results of the expeditions of 1849, 1850, and 1851, and on the method of computation. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 43. Pp. 275-276. Chronometric longitudes. On moon culminations observed by him, and the chronometric expedition for determining the longitude difference between Cambridge, Mass., and Liverpool, England. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 22. P. 181. Chronometric and astronomical longitudes. On longitude computations and occultations observed; lunar spot transits. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 23. Pp. 182-191. Chronometric results. Results of the longitude expeditions of 1849, 1850, 1851, and 1855 for difference of longitude between Cambridge, Mass., and Liverpool, England; table of longitudes by voyages of 1855. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 28. Pp. 310-311. Moon culminations. On the number observed during the year at Cambridge, cooperative with those on the Pacific side; star occultation photographs; connection with Quebec. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 22. P. 189. Occultations and star transits made for the Coast Survey at the Harvard Observatory. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

ALBERT BOSCHKE

Appendix No. 1855 - 24. Pp. 170-171. Remarks on surveys made at different periods in New York Harbor. (Part of a larger report on the re-survey of New York Harbor, 1855 - 24, pp. 165-171.) [Oceanography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 48. Pp. 281-282. Comparative maps, New York Harbor. Progress on charts and series of maps for Harbor Commissioners. Method of survey. [Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 38. Pp. 373-374. Comparative maps, New York Harbor. Progress on charts and series of maps for Harbor Commissioners. Method of survey. [Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

CHARLES O. BOUTELLE

Boutelle, C.O., Appendix No. 1855 - 41. Pp. 264 -267. Description of preliminary base apparatus devised to measure the Savannah and Georgetown bases. [Instrumentation; Geodesy; Base Line Measurement.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 57. Pp. 361-363. Boutelle's tripod and scaffold. Description of, as constructed and used by him at the stations of the primary triangulation in section V. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1880 - 8. Pp. 96-109. Geodetic night signals. (Charles O. Boutelle was the first to use artificial lights at night for triangulation angle measurement.) [Instrumentation; Triangulation.]

Appendix N o. 1882 - 10. Pp. 199-208. On the construction of observing tripods and scaffolds. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1885 - 10. Pp. 469-481. On Geodetic Reconnaissance. (This refers to site selection for triangulation points and base lines. Although titled "reconnaissance," the subject matter is significantly different than the reconnaissances of geographic areas accomplished as a first look prior to beginning of major operations. This work is basically Boutelle's suggestions for improving the efficiency of geodetic operations through better network design and optimizing locations of survey points.) [Triangulation; Base Line Measurement.]

Appendix No. 1886 - 8. Pp. 255 - 261. A report on Monomoy and its shoals. Tonnage of the vessels navigating these water; dangers to navigation; comparison of Capt. Paul Pinkham's survey of 1784 and the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart of 1885, with a sketch of the two surveys. Also a report by Assistant Charles O. Boutelle concerning the earliest topographical survey of Monomoy, with sketch. [Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

WILLIAM BOWIE

Appendix No. 1910 - 4. Pp. 143-172. Primary base lines at Stanton, Texas, and Deming, New Mexico. General statement; methods used; standardization of tapes. Stanton and Deming base lines: size of parties; divisions of the bases; apparatus used; setting stakes and measuring; wind effect on tapes; equations of tapes;reduction to sea level; results of the measurement; probable errors; cost of the bases. Summary of tape values; conclusions. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1911 - 4. Pp. 159-342. Triangulation along the Ninety-eighth Meridian, Nebraska to Canada, and connection with the Great Lakes. General statement; reconnaissance; progress of observing; light keepers; general instructions to chiefs of observing parties; methods of observing; program of occupation of stations; statement of costs; adjustments in latitude, longitude, and azimuth. Condition equations; accuracy as indicated by corrections to observed directions; accuracy as indicated by corrections to angles and closures of triangles; accord of bases; accord of azimuths. Study of errors; accuracy of primary triangulation in the United States; explanation of positions, lengths, and azimuths, and of the United States Standard Datum; tables of positions; descriptions of stations; computation, adjustment, and accuracy of elevations; elevations; index to positions, descriptions, sketches, and elevations; sketches. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Base Line Measurement>; Latitude; Longitude; Azimuths; Computations; Error Analysis.]

J.S. BRADFORD

Appendix No. 1865 - 5. P. 45. Entrance to Cape Fear River, North Carolina. Hydrographic changes. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 7. Pp. 137-237. A table of depths for the harbors of the coasts of the United States. Prepared in outline by Commander Edward P. Lull, U.S.N.. Expanded and extended by Assistant J. S. Bradford and Mr. John W. Parsons. Tides; table of depths for Atlantic coast, Gulf Coast, Pacific coast, Alaska and Arctic coasts, and eastern coast of Asia. [Hydrography; Coast Pilot; Data Report.]

ANDREW BRAID

Appendix No. 1879 - 16. Pp. 212-213. Refraction on lines passing near a surface of water, from observations at different elevations across the Potomac River. [Geodesy; Leveling.]

Appendix No. 1880 - 11. Pp. 135-144. Geodetic leveling on the Mississippi River. Bench marks; instrument; rods; method of observing; specimen record; probable and mean error; abstract of results. [Geodesy; Leveling; Computations; Error Analysis.]

CAPTAIN CHARLES BRYANT

Appendix No. 1871 - 7. Pp. 100-108. Meteorological register, St. Paul Island, Alaska, 1870-71. [Meteorology.]

WILLIAM H. BURGER

Appendix No. 1910 - 6. Pp. 431-449. The measurement of the flexure of pendulum supports with the interferometer. Description of the interferometer; method of observing; specimen of record and computation; program of observing; adjustment of fringes; temperature control; sodium light, wave length, etc.; independent support for the interferometer; mounting and adjustment of the interferometer; determination of the coefficient of flexure; interferometer as a field instrument; comparison of the static with the interferometer method; peculiar features of the flexure of the pendulum support. [Geophysics; Gravity.]

A.S. CHRISTIE

Appendix No. 1890 - 15. Pp. 705-714. Comparison of the predicted with the observed times and heights of high and low water at Sandy Hook, N.J., during the year 1889. [Oceanography; Tides.]

FREDERICK COLLINS

Appendix No. 1877 - 14. Pp. 184-190. Density of the waters of the Chesapeake Bay and its principal estuaries. Instruments employed; specific gravity; method of working; explanation of tables in the full report. [Oceanography; Instrumentation.]

BENJAMIN A. COLONNA

Appendix No. 1878 - 6. Pp. 81-87. Transit of Mercury, Summit Station, Central Pacific Railroad. First external and internal contacts; extracts from record book of observations, by Assistant B.A. Colonna; observation of contacts, by Assistant John F. Pratt. [Astronomy.]

EDWARD CORDELL

Appendix No. 1864 - 6. P. 57. Beaufort Harbor. Development of changes at the bar and in the channel. [Hydrography.]

THOMAS JEFFERSON CRAM

Appendix No. 1854 - 34. Pp. 95-103. Measurement of heights. Experimental comparison of the methods of measuring heights by leveling, by vertical angles, by the barometer, and by the boiling-point apparatus. Experimental work done on Mt. Washington. [Geodesy; Leveling; Instrumentation.]

TUNIS AUGUSTUS MACDONOUGH CRAVEN

Appendix No. 1854 - 54. Pp. 191-192. Craven's specimen box for deep-sea bottoms. [Oceanography; Deep Sea Soundings; Marine Geology; Instrumentation.]

RICHARD D. CUTTS

Appendix No. 1868 - 7. Pp. 109-139. Memoranda relating to the field work of a secondary triangulation. Selection of stations; names of stations; signals; tripods and scaffolds; underground station marks; surface station marks; observations and records; number of observations; limit of error; probable error; reduction to center; correction for phase; correction for eccentricity; spherical excess; distribution of error; trigonometrical leveling; coefficient of refraction; three-point problem; rectangular coordinates; full explanation of the different successive operations connected with the measurement of a subsidiary base line; records, duplicates, and computations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Base Line Measurement; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 7. Pp. 75-76. Report on the leveling operations between Keyport, on Raritan Bay, and Gloucester, on the Delaware River, to determine the heights above mean tide of the primary stations Beacon Hill, Disboro, Stony Hill, Mount Holly, and Pine Hill. [Geodesy; Leveling; Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 8. Pp. 77-89. Report on the results of barometrical observations made in connection with the line of spirit leveling from Raritan Bay to the Delaware River, to determine the heights above mean tide of the primary stations Beacon Hill, Disboro, Stony Hill, Mount Holly, and Pine Hill. [Geodesy; Leveling; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 12. Pp. 171-175. Report on the leveling operations between Keyport, on Raritan Bay, and Gloucester on the Delaware River, to determine the height above mean tide of the primary stations Beacon Hill, Disboro, Stony Hill, Mount Holly, and Pine Hill. [Geodesy; Leveling; Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1872 - 8. Pp. 75-172. Reports of the astronomical and meteorological observations made at Sherman, Wyoming. Part I, report of R.D. Cutts. Latitude and longitude of Sherman; terrestrial magnetism; meteorology; Table I, difference of reading of observers; Table II, daily means; Tables III and IV, hourly means; aneroid barometer; solar radiation; Table V, amount of solar radiation; Table VI, solar radiation; altitude of the sun; atmospheric electricity; Table VIII, altitude of the astronomical station; spirit level; barometer; Tables IX, X, XI, boiling-point apparatus; Table XII, temperature of boiling water at Sherman, Wyoming; Table XIII, height of Long's Peak, etc.; atmosphere and climate of Sherman; meteorological register. Part II, report of Professor C.A. Young. Spectrum of the chromosphere; catalogue of bright lines in the spectrum of the chromosphere, 1872; table showing the number of coincidences between the bright lines observed in the spectrum of the chromosphere and those in the spectrum of the chemical elements; spectra of sun spots; catalogue of lines affected in the spot-spectrum between B and b; solar eruptions and other disturbances. [Astronomy; Geodesy; Latitude; Longitude; Geophysics; Magnetism; Solar Activity.]

Appendix No. 1882 - 9. Pp. 151-197. Field work of the triangulation, third edition. [Triangulation.]

WILLIAM H. DALL

Appendix No. 1872 - 10. Pp. 177-212. Harbors of Alaska and the tides and currents in their vicinity. Statistics; notes on the North Pacific current; hydrographic notes on Captains Bay and vicinity; meteorology of Unalaska; tides of Iliuliuk; compound tides; semidiurnal tides; tide referred to the lower transits; to the upper transits; tidal current of Unalaska; the Alaska current; its effect on the climate of the Aleutian district; the circular current of the Bering Sea; the Shumagin Islands; miscellaneous hydrographic notes; meteorological observations from September, 1871, to October, 1872. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Hydrography; Coast Pilot; Meteorology.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 11. Pp. 111-122. Geographical and hydrographical explorations on the coast of Alaska. Islands of Attu, Buldir, Kiska, Amchitka, Adak, Atka, Amlia, Four Craters, Agashagok, Unalaska, Sannakh Reefs, Popoff Strait; current observations, azimuths, positions, and magnetic declinations. Sea surface temperatures; temperatures five fathoms below surface; current observations made on board U.S. C&G.S. Schooner YUKON during the voyage from San Francisco to Unalaska in May, 1873; heights of mountains determined in 1873. [Geographic Exploration; Reconnaissance; Hydrography; Oceanography; Magnetism.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 10. Pp. 157 - 188. Report on Mount Saint Elias, etc., Alaska. Historical notes; tabular results of heights, latitudes, and longitudes; general considerations. Discussion of data; reduction of observations made in 1874 to determine the heights of Mounts Saint Elias, Cook, Crillon, Fairweather, and Vancouver.; details of computations. [Geographic Exploration; Reconnaissance; History; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1880 - 16. Pp. 297-340. Bering Sea. Report on the currents and temperatures, and also those of the adjacent waters; sources of information; surface temperature; tables of temperatures; pack ice; summer temperatures; the Kuro Siwo and its extensions; table of North Pacific Sea temperatures; comparison of sea temperatures from observations by the CHALLENGER, 1873 and 1875; currents of Bering Sea; observations of the TUSCARORA and VENUS; those of Krusenstern, 1804-1806; notes by whalers and others; table of temperatures; of currents; observations off the coast of Asia; in the Arctic in general; in the vicinity of Point Barrow. Supplementary note.-- Additional observations in the Arctic Sea; boundary line between the territory of the United States in Alaska and Russia in Asia; diagrams of surface and vertical isotherms; chart of currents. [Oceanography; Currents; History.]

Appendix No. 1890 - 19. Pp. 759-774. Notes on an original manuscript chart of Bering's expedition of 1725-30, and on an original manuscript chart of his second expedition; together with a summary of a journal of the first expedition, kept by Peter Chaplin, and translated into English from Bergh's Russian version. [Geographic Exploration; History.]

GEORGE O. DAVIDSON

Appendix No. 1855 - 26. Pp. 176-185. Descriptive report of localities on the western coast, from the north end of Rosario Strait, Washington Territory, to the southern boundary of California. [Coast Pilot; Geography; History.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 26. Pp. 203-208. Occultations on the western coast. Observations made at Port Townsend, Wash. Ter., April and May, 1856; tables and remarks. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 44. Pp. 297-458. Directory for the Pacific Coast of the United States, with sailing directions, geographical positions, etc. [Coast Pilot; Geographical Exploration; History.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 39. Pp. 268-430. Directory for Pacific Coast of the United States, with sailing directions, geographical positions, etc. [Coast Pilot; Geographical Exploration; History.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 39. Pp. 418-420. Part of Appendix 39. Geographical positions on the Pacific coast, United States. [Data Report; Geographic Positions.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 18. Pp. 187-329. Alaska territory; coast features and resources. (This report was a major factor in the decision by the United States to purchase Russian Alaska. George Davidson led a contingent of several scientists on the Revenue Cutter LINCOLN for the express purpose of evaluating this territory prior to purchase. Sections of this report included a Directory of the coast of Alaska, list of geographical position, aids to navigation, geology, zoology, botany, meteorology, and various Alaskan native vocabularies.) [Reconnaissance; Geographic Exploration.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 8. Pp. 138-139. New meridian instrument for time, latitude, and azimuth. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1868 - 15. Pp. 260-277. Condensed account of M. Hellert's explorations on the Isthmus of Panama, including his special explorations on the Isthmus of Darien, with suggestions for conducting a future survey. Plan for exploration of the River Darien; outfit and duties of engineers; instrumental outfit; use of the heliotrope for sending messages; form of record of levelings, courses and distances; rod for leveling, distance, and station mark for courses; methods of ascertaining discharge of water in any stream. [Geographic Exploration; History.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 17. Pp. 178-179. Changes of elevation and azimuth caused by the action of the sun at station Dominguez, Cal. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Leveling; Azimuth.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 22. Pp. 226-227. Azimuth and apparent altitude of Polaris. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Azimuth.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 11. Pp. 154-170. Comparison of the methods of determining heights by means of leveling, vertical angles, and barometric measures from observations at Bodega Head and Ross Mountain, California. By George Davidson and C. A. Schott. [Geodesy; Leveling; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1872 - 9. Pp. 173-176. Astronomical observations on the Sierra Nevada. Description of the country adjacent to the station at Summit; the climate and opportunities for observing; the observations; Polaris, Saturn, Moon, etc. [Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 13. Pp. 222-239. Transit of Venus, Japan, 1874. Station near Nagasaki, Japan; observers; telegraphic longitude work; details of observations of the transit; photographic work; observations at great elevations. [Geodesy; Longitude; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 18. Pp. 293-314. Observations on certain harbor and river improvements collected on a voyage from Hongkong, via Suez, to New York. Nagasaki; Shanghai; Hongkong; Canton; Singapore; Penang; Calcutta; Bombay; Suez and canal; destructive action caused by passing vessels; current through the canal; saltness of water; tides; breakwater at Port Said; dredging, estimate of cost; Alexandria; Naples; Genoa; Swinemunde; Copenhagen; Kiel; Hamburg; Bremerhafen; Wilhelmshafen; Amsterdam Canal; entrance locks and sluices; the beton blocks; North Sea Harbor breakwater; design; method of building; dam at Schellingwonde, eastern extremity of the Amsterdam Canal; difficulties of construction; Cherbourg; docks; breakwater; Brest; docks; Admiralty Pier, Dover; construction; cost; Portland Breakwater; ripraps; description; cost; Holyhead Breakwater; Alderney Breakwater; conclusions; fascinage for breakwater foundations; river improvements. [Oceanography; Tides; Hydrography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 16. Pp. 338-353. Reprint of Appendix No. 1871 - 11. [Geodesy; Leveling; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1877 - 13. P. 182-183. Improved open vertical clamp for telescopes of theodolites and meridian instruments. [Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1879 - 7. Pp. 103-109. Description of the Davidson meridian instrument. (First description in Appendix 1867 - 8.) [Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1882 - 8. Pp. 139-149. Report of the measurement of the Yolo base, Cal. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement.]

Appendix No. 1882 - 20. Pp. 463-468. The total solar eclipse of January 11, 1880, as observed at Mount Santa Lucia, California. Detailed report of eclipse and associated phenomena. [Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 15. Pp. 369-370. The transit of Mercury of November 7, 1881, as observed at Yolo Base, California. Description of phenomena associated with observation of transit. Reference to negative sighting of "problematical" planet Vulcan. [Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 18. Pp. 383-472. Field catalogue of 1278 time and circumpolar stars; mean places for 1885.0. [Geodesy; Latitude; Longitude; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 8. Pp. 377-385. The run of the micrometer. Explanation of the expression in reference to an astronomical or geodetic instrument, etc. [Geodesy; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1885 - 7. Pp. 275-284. Collection of some magnetic variations off the coast of California and Mexico, as observed by Spanish navigators in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Prefatory letter; table of results obtained during the voyage of the frigate SANTIAGO for discovery of north coast of California; table of results obtained by frigate SANTIAGO and schooner SONORA; table of results obtained by Sr. Virey and Antonio Bucareli, commanding two frigates in the expedition of 1779; table of results obtained during the voyage of 1788, in vessels PRINCESSA and SAN CARLOS, northern coast of California; table of results obtained during the voyage of the SAN CARLOS and PRINCESSA from Unalaska to San Blas; table of results of voyage from San Blas to Nootka Sound, 1790; record of the packet PHILIPINO, commanded by Fidalgo in voyage of discovery from Nootka to Prince William Sound and Cooks River, thence to Monterey in 1790; record of the sloop PRINCESSA ROYAL commanded by Don Manuel Quimper from Santa Cruz to the Straits of Juan de Fuca in 1790. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report; History.]

Appendix No. 1886 - 6. P. 153. The solar (annular) eclipse of March 5, 1886. Prefatory letter; observations made at the Coast and Geodetic Survey station, Lafayette Park, San Francisco, and at the Davidson Observatory; observations of first and second contacts; instruments and observers. [Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1886 - 7. Pp. 155-253. An examination of some of the early voyages of discovery and exploration on the northwest coast of America from 1539 to 1603. Introduction, prefatory remarks; efforts to reconcile many of the discrepancies of the old Spanish, English, American, and French navigators; courage and perseverance of the old Spanish navigators; many of the positions of Ulloa, Cabrillo, Ferrelo, Drake, and Vizcaino can now be located; effort to follow the navigators day by day; some of the authorities cited; origin of the name California; what it designated; principal work consulted; description of the localities by the different navigators, Ferrelo, Cabrillo, Ulloa, and Vizcaino with notes by Davidson; landfalls of Cabrillo and Ferrelo with their names by Ulloa, Drake, and Vizcaino, and present names and latitudes. Index with authorities and publications consulted or referred to; discoverers and explorers; harbors and anchorages, bays, channels, coves, gulfs, lagoons, straits; headlands, capes, points, bluffs; islands, reefs, and rocks; mountains and mountain ranges; table-lands; rivers, streams; Indian villages. [History; Geographic Exploration.]

Appendix No. 1889 - 10. Pp. 217-231. Report on the measurement of the Los Angeles base line, Los Angeles and Orange counties, Cal. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement.]

Appendix No. 1889 - 18. Pp. 493-503. Report of George Davidson, assistant, appointed by the President of the United States as the Delegate to the Ninth Conference of the International Geodetic Association held at Paris, October, 1889. [Geodesy; Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1890 - 17. Pp. 721-733. Address to the Ninth Conference of the International Geodetic Association. [Geodesy; Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1892 - 9. Pp. 505-513. Measure of the irregularity in one turn of the micrometer screw, and the relative value of each turn. [Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1893 - 11. Pp. 440-508. On the variation of latitude at San Francisco, Cal., from observations made in concert with the International Geodetic Association, 1891 and 1892. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

G.W. DEAN

Appendix No. 1854 - 44. P. 146. Meridian lines. Establishment of meridian lines at Petersburg, Virginia, and Raleigh and Wilmington, North Carolina. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 44. Pp. 276-278. Description of Wurdemann's zenith telescope of 1855, used at Dixmont, Me. [Geodesy; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 21. Pp. 167-181. Telegraphic method of determining differences of longitude. Details of the methods used by the Coast Survey for telegraphic determinations of difference of longitude; transit instrument; astronomical clock; chronographic register; batteries; list of stars arranged from the British Association Catalogue for determining the difference of longitude between Macon, Ga., and Montgomery, Ala., March, 1856; exchange of star signals; reading off the chronographic sheets; example of reduction; observations for determining the inequality of the pivots of Coast Survey transit No. 8; personal equations. (This appendix is among the first full descriptions of what was known as the "American Method" of longitude determination. Although William Dean was not among the developers of the method, he worked continuously making field observations almost from the inception of the method and was active in developing refined field techniques for Coast Survey longitude determinations.) [Geodesy; Astronomy; Instrumentation; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 45. Pp. 276-278. Winds and currents of Cat Island Harbor. Results deduced by G.W. Dean from observations made by G. Wurdemann and R. T. Bassett. [Oceanography; Currents; Meteorology.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 22. P. 204. Results for the magnetic declination, dip, and intensity, from observations by C.A. Schott and G.W. Dean, in Maine, Connecticut, and the District of Columbia. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 23. P. 205. Induction time in relay magnets. Report on experiments made to determine their relative power. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 20. Pp. 211-220. Eduction time of relay magnets, deduced from experiments. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 13. Pp. 176-179. Total solar eclipse, December 22, 1870. Abstract of the chronographic record. [Astronomy.]

WILLIAM WARD DUFFIELD

Appendix No. 1896 - 12. P. 395. Logarithms, their nature, computation, and uses, with logarithmic tables of numbers and circular functions to ten places of decimals. [Computations.]

C.R. DUVALL

Duvall, C.R., and Baldwin, A.L., Appendix No. 1910 - 5. Pp. 173-430. Triangulation in California, Part II. General statement; primary and secondary triangulation executed in 1906-1907; tertiary triangulation in the vicinity of Colma, Tomales Bay, Fort Ross, and Point Arena -- 1906-1907. Old triangulation and the earthquake of 1906; earthquake of 1868; triangulation from Monterey Bay to San Francisco Bay, 1851-1895; triangulation from Golden Gate to Point Arena, 1854-1891; triangulation from Point Arena to Shelter Cove, 1870-1897; triangulation from Shelter Cove to Trinidad Head, 1854-1872. Inland peaks and astronomic stations; adjustment of the subordinate triangulation; United States Standard Datum; lengths; tables of geographic positions, azimuths, and lengths; latitudes, longitudes, azimuths, and lengths corrected for the 1906 earthquake; positions corrected for earthquake movements; descriptions of stations; elevations; index to geographic positions, descriptions, sketches, and elevations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Data Report; Geophysics; Seismology.]

WILLIAM EIMBECK

Appendix No. 1872 - 18. P. 266. Improvement on the Hipp chronograph. [Geodesy; Longitude; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1897 - 11. Pp. 737-752. The new duplex base apparatus of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1897 - 12. Pp. 753- . Report on the measurement of the Salt Lake Base Line. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement.]

CHARLES E. EMERY

Appendix No. 1874 - 13. Pp. 148-151. Economy in coal, as exemplified by the action of the compound engines in the steamer HASSLER. General description of the HASSLER. [Ship; Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 13. Pp. 192-196. On marine governors. [Ship; Miscellaneous.]

GEORGE A. FAIRFIELD

Appendix No. 1854 - 29. Pp. 35-37. Reports by Henry Mitchell and G.A. Fairfield on Nantucket and Marthas Vineyard Sound tides. Method of securing Mitchell's tide gauge; remarks on swells. [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1893 - 1. Pp. 1-18. State laws authorizing entrance upon lands within state limits for the purposes of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. [Miscellaneous.]

ROBERT L. FARIS

Appendix No. 1907 - 5. Pp. 157-230. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1906, and June 30, 1907. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution; observations at sea and their distribution; general methods of observing; accuracy of results; comparison of instruments; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea for the past year; descriptions of stations observed in 37 states and territories including Porto Rico (Puerto Rico). [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1908 - 3. Pp. 69-165. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1907, and June 30, 1908. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution; secular change of the magnetic declination; observations at sea and their distribution; general methods of observing; accuracy of results; comparison of instruments; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea for the past year; results of magnetic observations made by the EXPLORER on a cruise from the Atlantic to the Pacific; descriptions of stations observed in 34 states and territories including Porto Rico (Puerto Rico) and the Philippines, and foreign countries. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1909 - 3. Pp. 75-150. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1908, and June 30, 1909. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution; secular change of the magnetic declination; observations at sea and their distribution; methods of observing; accuracy of results; comparison of instruments; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea for the past year; descriptions of stations observed in 34 states and territories including Porto Rico (Puerto Rico) and foreign countries. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1909 - 4. Pp. 151-176. Distribution of the magnetic declination in Alaska and adjacent regions for 1910. Introduction; secular change of declination. Table of magnetic declinations: Washington state; British North America adjacent to Alaska; Southeastern Alaska; Yakutat Bay to Sannak Islands; Aleutian Islands; Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean; Yukon River; results from reconnaissance surveys in the interior; observations on shipboard. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1910 - 3. Pp. 73-142. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1909, and June 30, 1910. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution; secular change of the magnetic declination; observations at sea and their distribution; methods of observing; accuracy of results; instrumental corrections; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea (Atlantic Coast, Pacific Coast, and the Philippine Islands) for the past year; descriptions of stations observed in 38 states and territories including Alaska and Porto Rico (Puerto Rico) and foreign countries. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1911 - 3. Pp. 77-158. Results of magnetic observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey between July 1, 1910, and June 30, 1911. Introduction; observations on land and their distribution; secular change of the magnetic declination; observations at sea and their distribution; methods of observing; accuracy of results; instrumental corrections; reduction of the observations; arrangement of the tables; results of observations on land and at sea (Atlantic Coast, Pacific Coast, and the Philippine Islands) for the past year; descriptions of stations observed in 41 states and territories and British Columbia. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

JOHN FARLEY

Appendix No. 1855 - 58. Pp. 363-364. Farley's signal. Description and drawing of a convenient signal for observing on secondary stations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Instrumentation.]

O.W. FERGUSON

Appendix No. 1899 - 7. Pp. 321-350. Resulting elevations from spirit leveling between Gibraltar, Michigan, and Cincinatti, Ohio, from observations by O. W. Ferguson, Assistant, between June 3 and November 28, 1899. [Geodesy; Leveling.]

WILLIAM FERREL

Appendix No. 1868 - 5. Pp. 51-102. Discussion of tides in Boston Harbor. The observations and the locality; expressions of the disturbing forces; tidal expressions; object and plan of the discussion. Tables I to XI: average normal values; the constant or mean tide; the semi-monthly inequality; inequality depending upon the moon's mean anomaly; inequality depending upon the moon's longitude; inequality depending upon the sun's anomaly and longitude; inequality depending upon the moon's node; inequalities depending upon N8 and N9; diurnal tide. Recapitulation of results; comparisons with the equilibrium theory; determination of the general constants; comparisons with the dynamic theory; prediction formulas; computation of a tidal ephemeris; example of the computation of a tidal ephemeris. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 20. Pp. 190-199. On the moon's mass, as deduced from a discussion of the tides of Boston Harbor. [Oceanography; Tides; Geophysics.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 6. Pp. 93-99. Meteorological effect on tides. Graphic representation of the relative amounts and direction of the wind for each of the four seasons for Boston. [Oceanography; Tides; Meteorology.]

Appendix No. 1872 - 7. Pp. 73-74. Maxima and minima of tides on the coast of New England for 1873. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 12. Pp. 194-221. Discussion of tides in New York Harbor. General plan and immediate object of the discussion; adopted notations; averages deduced from the observations. Semidiurnal tides, half-monthly inequality; lunar parallactic inequality; mean lunar declinational inequality; lunar nodal inequality; solar declinational and parallactic inequalities; mean sea level; diurnal tide; comparison of theory with observation; practical application; directions for computing a tidal ephemeris; tables for computing heights and times of high water with example. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 20. Pp. 369-412. Meteorological researches for the use of the Coast Pilot. Part I: On the mechanics and general motion of the atmosphere; Chapter I, general equations of the motions and pressures of the atmosphere; Chapter II, the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere at the earth's surface obtained from observation, distribution of atmospheric pressure; Chapter III, the general motion of the atmosphere, tables of directions and velocities. [Meteorology; Computations: Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1878 - 10. Pp. 176-267. Meteorological researches for the use of the Coast Pilot. Part II: On cyclones, waterspouts, and tornadoes. Chapter I, the theory of cyclones; Chapter II, practical application of the theory and comparison with observations; Chapter III, tornadoes, hailstorms, and waterspouts. [Meteorology; Coast Pilot.]

Appendix No. 1878 - 11. Pp. 268-304. Tides in Penobscot Bay. General principles of the harmonic analysis and discussion of tide observations; analysis of the tides at Pulpit Cove; comparison of observations with theory; practical application. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1882 - 17. Pp. 437-450. Discussion of the tides of the Pacific Coast of the United States. Introduction; tides of Port Townsend; tides of Astoria; tides of San Diego; determination of general constants. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 9. Pp. 247-251. Report on the harmonic analysis of the tides at Sandy Hook. Introduction; results of the harmonic analysis of the tides at Sandy Hook; discussion. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 10. Pp. 253-272. Description of a maxima and minima tide-predicting machine. Introduction; mathematical theory of the tide-predicting machine; mechanical solution of the problem; construction of the machine; directions for setting and using; efficiency of the machine. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1885 - 13. Pp. 489-493. On the harmonic analysis of the tides at Governor's Island, New York Harbor. Results of the analysis with sketch showing positions of tide gauges at Governor's Island and Sandy Hook; determination of general constants. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1881 - 10. Pp. 225-268. Meteorological researches, Part III. Barometric hypsometry and reduction of the barometer to sea level. The theory of barometric hypsometry; practical applications of the theory; reduction of the barometer to sea level; hypsometrical tables. [Geodesy; Leveling; Meteorology.]

ERNST G. FISHER

Appendix No. 1900 - 6. Pp. 525-534. Description of precise levels Nos. 7 and 8, Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1900. Introduction; the material; the tripod; the instrument base and center; the supporting cylinder; the telescope; the levels; the level-reading device; the finish; the weight. [Instrumentation; Geodesy; Leveling.]

J.A. FLEMER

Appendix No. 1893 - 3. Pp. 37-116. Phototopography as practiced in Italy under the auspices of the Royal Military Geographical Institute, and as practiced in Canada under the auspices of the Department of the Interior. Also a short historical review of other photographic surveys and publications on the subject. (This is the among the first U.S. papers concerned with the new method of using photography to help map topography.) [Topography; Photogrammetry.]

Appendix No. 1897 - 10. Pp. 619-736. Photo-topographic methods and instruments. [Topography; Photogrammetry; Instrumentation.]

JOHN A. FLEMING

Appendix No. 1902 - 5. Pp. 303-332. Bauer, L.A. and Fleming, J.A. The magnetic observatories of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in operation on July 1, 1902. Selection of sites of the magnetic observatories: Cheltenham, Maryland; Sitka, Alaska; Honolulu, Hawaii; and Baldwin. Construction of the magnetic observatories at Cheltenham, Sitka, and Honolulu. Equipment of the magnetic observatories at Cheltenham, Sitka, Honolulu, and Baldwin. Geographic positions and magnetic elements of the magnetic observatories. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Instrumentation.]

GUSTAVUS VASA FOX

Appendix No. 1880 - 18. Pp. 346-411. Landfall of Columbus. An attempt to solve the problem of the first landing place of Columbus in the New World. Introduction; narrative and discussion; the track of Navarrete; of Varnhagen; of Washington Irving; of Captain Beecher; according to G. V. Fox; conclusion; summary. (Gustavus Fox was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy under Gideon Welles during the Civil War. He served on the Coast Survey in the 1840's as a Naval Officer on the Brig WASHINGTON. In this paper, he reconstructed the track of Columbus and concluded that the true first landing of Columbus was at Samana Cay instead of San Salvador Island. A well publicized reconstruction of the Columbus track arrived at the same conclusion just prior to the Columbus Quincentenerary. In that reconstruction, Fox's presumed track was duplicated almost exactly by a computer simulation of the Columbus track and landfall.) [Geographic Explorations; History.]

OWEN B. FRENCH

Appendix No. 1907 - 4. Pp. 105-156. General statement; party organization; time table; apparatus; invar tapes; comparator at the Bureau of Standards; determination of length of iced bar; methods of standardization of tapes at the Bureau of Standards; coefficients of expansion of tapes; lengths of invar tapes; Point Isabel comparator; Royalton comparator; methods of field standardization; lengths of steel tapes; check field determinations of invar tapes; field procedures; Point Isabel base line; Willamette base line; Tacoma base line; Stephen base line; Brown Valley base line; Royalton base line; summary of results; cost of base measurement; speed attained; errors of tape measures, temperature errors; conclusions. (This paper continues tracing the evolution of distance measuring devices from the cumbersome base bar apparatuses of Hassler, Bache, Eimbeck, etc., through steel tapes and invar tapes. Steel tapes, which were introduced in the late 1800's for precise geodetic surveying, had high coefficients of expansion and were used during the more stable night-time temperature hours for base line measurement. Invar was a material with a very low coefficient of expansion which allowed the measurement of bases during the day. Distance measurement techniques did not experience another major improvement until post-World War II with the modification of electronic aircraft navigation systems for precise distance measurement.) [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation; Methods.]

FERDINAND H. GERDES

Appendix No. 1845 - 3. Pp. 41-43. Remarks on the currents in Mississippi Sound and changes in the magnetic variation. [Oceanography; Currents; Magnetism.]

Appendix No. 1850 - 23. Pp. 106-110. Extract from the report of Assistant F. H. Gerdes to the Superintendent on the reconnaissance of the Florida Keys, etc. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1851 - 31. Pp. 488-494. Florida coast reconnaissance from the Suwannee River to St. Martins Reef. A. description; B, survey; C, tides and currents; D, railroad across the peninsula; E, lighthouses and buoys; F, general remarks on the Cedar Keys Harbor. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1852 - 12. Pp. 87-94. Extracts from the report of Assistant f. H. Gerdes on a reconnaissance from Suwannee River, Florida, to Delta of Mississippi. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 20. Pp. 28-30. Extracts from the report of F. H. Gerdes on the reconnaissance of the coast of Louisiana in 1854 (Mississippi Delta.) [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 21. Pp. 162-163. Topography of Manhattan Island, New York City. [Topography.]

WOLCOTT GIBBS

Appendix No. 1856 - 63. Pp. 317-318. Analysis of sea water. Chemical analysis of the water of New York Harbor. [Oceanography; Miscellaneous.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 64. Pp. 318-319. Analysis of sands from base-sites near east and south coasts of Florida. Examination of specimens of sand taken from the base-sites at Cape Florida and Cape Sable. [Geology; Miscellaneous.]

G.K. GILBERT

Putnam, G.R. and Gilbert, G.K., Appendix No. 1894 - 1. Pp. 7-55. Relative determination of gravity, with half-second pendulums, and other pendulum investigations by G.R. Putnam, Assistant; and a report on a geological examination of some Coast and Geodetic Survey gravity stations by G.K. Gilbert, Geologist, United States Geological Survey. General plan of campaign; position and description of stations; instruments; determination of instrumental constantsl method of observation; rating of chronometers; reduction of observations; reduction to sea level; summary of results; mean density of the earth from Pikes Peak pendulum observations; observations with quarter-second pendulums and special pendulum observations; description of quarter-second pendulums; comparison or results with different pendulums; experiments with knife-edges of different angles; variation of period at different arcs; use of penulum apparatus for investigating chronometers. Telegraphic comparison between base stations in Washington, D.C. Summary of the connections between American and European gravity stations by means of relative pendulum observations and the reduction of absolute determinations of gravity to Washington. Anomalies in the force of gravity on the North American continent by Commandant Defforges (translation). Report on a geologic examination of some Coast and Geodetic Survey gravity stations by G.K. Gilbert. [Geophysics; Gravity; Instrumentation; Computations; Geology.]

SAMUEL A. GILBERT

Appendix No. 1855 - 22. P. 164. Report on topography executed on the western and southern sides of Long Island. [Topography.]

Appendix No.1859 - 32. Pp. 324-328. Coast of Texas, embracing the shores of Espiritu Santo, San Antonio, and Aransas Bays. Report on a reconnaissance. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 34. Pp. 356-357. Corpus Christi Bay and Laguna Madre, Texas. General description and characteristics. [Reconnaissance.]

JAMES MELVILLE GILLISS

Appendix No. 1860 - 22. Pp. 275-292. Solar eclipse. On the results of observations made near Fort Steilacoom, Washington Territory, on the solar eclipse of July 18, 1860; table of meteorological observations on Muck Prairie; latitude observations; time observations; chronometer errors and rates; longitude; the eclipse; reports from special parties. [Astronomy; Geodesy; Latitude; Longitude; Meteorology.]

J.R. GILLISS

Appendix No. 1860 - 40. Pp. 398-399. Dividers for tidal curves. Description of form invented by J. R. Gillis for tidal decomposition. (These dividers were the forerunners of the ten-space dividers used by hydrographers, draftsman, and engineers the world over in the Twentieth Century.) [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

EDWARD GOODFELLOW

Appendix No. 1860 - 21. Pp. 268-271. (1860.) Edward Goodfellow and Charles A. Schott. Eclipse expedition to Aulezavik Island, Labrador. Report on the determination of the magnetic elements by Edward Goodfellow, Assistant, with notes by Charles A. Schott, Assistant. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 6. Pp. 121-135. Descriptive catalogue of publications relating to the Coast and Geodetic Survey and to standard measures. [Index.]

Appendix No. 1887 - 11. Pp. 211-215. Instructions and memoranda for descriptive reports to accompany original sheets. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1887 - 12. Pp. 217-268. General index to the progress sketches and illustrations, maps, and charts published in the Annual reports of the U.S. Coast Survey and U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, from 1844 to 1885, inclusive. [Index.]

Appendix No. 1891 - 11. Pp. 365-474. Descriptive catalogue of publications relating to the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1807-1890, and to the U.S. Standards, Weights and Measures, 1790-1890. Compiled by Edward Goodfellow, Cephas H. Sinclair; and J. B. Baylor. [Index; History.]

J. HOWARD GORE

Appendix No. 1887 - 16. Pp. 313-512. A bibliography of geodesy. [Index; Geodesy.]

Gore, J.H., Appendix No. 1902 - 8. Pp. 427-787. A bibliography of geodesy, second edition. (This is one of the most complete bibliographies of Nineteenth Century and early Twentieth Century geodesy available.) [Index; Geodesy.]

BENJAMIN APTHORPE GOULD

Appendix No. 1853 - 33. Pp. 86-88. Telegraphic longitude of Charleston, S.C. Results of observations for the determination of difference of longitude between Seaton Station, Washington, D.C., and Charleston, S.C. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 41. Pp. 128-138. Telegraphic longitude. On telegraphic observations for the difference of longitude between Raleigh, N.C., and Columbia, S.C. Directions and tables for the use of "Peirce's Criterion" for the rejection of doubtful observations. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Computations; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 46. Pp. 286-295. Telegraphic longitudes. Report on telegraphic operations for difference of longitude between Columbia, S.C., and Macon, Ga.; programme of telegraphic campaign; for instrumental corrections and longitude reductions; battery memoranda; to put up Bessel's clock. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Instrumentation; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 20. Pp. 163-166. Telegraphic longitudes. Operations for difference of longitude between Wilmington, N.C., and Montgomery, Ala., with list of stars for observation. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 27. Pp. 305-310. Telegraphic longitudes. On the progress made in the different campaigns. List of time-stars adopted; difficulties and discrepancies of transmission for signals between Wilmington, N.C., and Columbia, S.C. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1861 - 18. Pp. 221-232. Longitude of Albany, New York. Abstract of a report on the determination by telegraph of difference of longitude between New York City and Albany; table of instrumental corrections; collimation and azimuth correction, and hourly clock rate; personal equations; comparative table of longitude results at the two stations. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1861 - 21. Pp. 241-242. Solar eclipse of July, 1860. Abstract of observations made at Cambridge, Massachusetts. [Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 14. Pp. 158-160. Longitudes in Maine, Alabama, and Florida. On progress in computing results from telegraphic observation. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 18. Pp. 154-156. On computations connected with the telegraphic method. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; omputations.]

Appendix No. 1864 - 12. Pp. 115-116. On results by telegraphic method. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 14. Pp. 150-151. Report on the results of determining longitude by telegraphic methods. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 15. Pp. 152-154. Report, with tables, on the declinations and proper motions of standard time stars. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Time.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 16. Pp. 155-159. Report, with tables, of the positions and proper motions of the four polar stars. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 17. Pp. 160-165. Report on the latitude of Cloverden station in Cambridge. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 6. Pp. 57-133. On the longitude between America and Europe from signals through the Atlantic cable. (1) Origin of the Coast Survey expeditions in 1865 and 1866; (2) previous determinations of transatlantic longitudes from eclipses and occultations; from moon culminations; from chronometers transported from Boston to Liverpool; (3) history of the expedition of 1866; programme of transatlantic-longitude campaign; (4) observations at Valencia; table of equatorial intervals; table of observations, October 25 to November 16, 1866; (5) observations at Newfoundland, October 25 to December 16, 1866; (7) longitude signals between Foilhommerum and Hearts Content; clock corrections, transatlantic longitude and transmission time, October 25 to November 9, 1866; (8) longitude signals between Hearts Content and Calais; tables of Newfoundland and Calais signals; tables of longitude and times of transmission; (9) personal error in noting signals; (10) personal equation determining time; (11) final results for longitude; (12) velocity of transmission; cables of 1865 and 1866; tables of comparison. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

WILLIAM E. GREENWELL

Appendix No. 1854 - 21. Pp. 30-31. Extracts from a report by W.E. Greenwell on the general features and peculiarities of the coast of Lower Texas, with suggestions in regard to facilities for navigation, from the harbor of the Brazos de Santiago to the mouth of the Rio Grande. [Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 44. Pp. 392-395. Santa Barbara Islands and main. Report on the character and progress of the work. [Reconnaissance; Topography.]

ROLLIN A. HARRIS

Appendix No. 1894 - 7. Manual of tides. Part III. Some connections between harmonic and non-harmonic quantities, including applications to the reduction and prediction of tides. Chapter I, properties of compound wave having a predominating component. Chapter II, computation of nonharmonic quantities from harmonic tidal constants. Chapter III, reductions of observations made upon high and low waters. Chapter IV, to reduce results to their mean value. Chapter V, on the classification of tides. Chapter VI, prediction of tides, including a description of the British and Ferrel tide prediction machines as well as a description of a proposed machine. Tables. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1897 - 8. Pp. 319-470. Manual of Tides, Part I. Introduction, and historical treatment of the subject. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1897 - 9. Pp. 471-618. Manual of Tides, Part II. Tidal observations, equilibrium theory, and harmonic analysis. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1900 - 7. Pp. 535-700. Outlines of tidal theory. Chapter I, tidal forces and equilibrium tides; Chapter II, hydrodynamics; Chapter III, oscillating areas; chapter IV, concerning waves in deep water and long waves where the depth may vary; Chapter V, experiments with moderately long waves; Chapter VI, small oscillations sustained by periodic forces; Chapter VII, a partial explanation of the tides; Chapter VIII, on the classification of rivers, straits, bays, etc., with reference to their tidal movement; tables. [Oceanography; Tides; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1904 - 5. Pp. 313-400. Manual of tides - Part IV B Cotidal lines for the World. Chapter I, on the combination of long waves; Chapter II, additional lemmas; Chapter III, matters concerning amphidromic regions; Chapter IV, cotidal lines; Chapter V, the semidiurnal tides in the Indian Ocean; Chapter VI, the semidiurnal tides in the Atlantic Ocean; Chapter VII, the semidiurnal tides in the Arctic Ocean; Chapter VIII, the tides in the Pacific Ocean. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1907 - 6. Pp. 231-546. Manual of Tides - Part V. Currents, shallow-water tides, meteorological tides, and miscellaneous matters. Chapter I, flow and resistance. Chapter II, consideration of dimension and resistance in tidal waves. Chapter III, shallow-water and river tides. Chapter IV, combinations of motions. Chapter V, observation and reduction of tidal currents. Chapter VI, description of tidal currents. Chapter VII, tidal currents in relation to marine engineering. Chapter VIII, circulation of the sea, and annual inequality in the tides. Chapter IX, seiches in lakes, bays, etc. Chapter X, tides in lakes and wells. Chapter XI, miscellaneous remarks on tides and modes of reduction. Tables. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Instrumentation; Computation.]

A. M. HARRISON

Appendix No. 1855 - 23. Pp. 164-165. Report on topography on the coast of New Jersey. [Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1865 - 22. Pp. 203-231. Treatise on the plane and its use, with diagrams. (This appendix also gives a clear explanation of many of the field topographic methods used during the Civil War.) [Topography; Civil War.]

E.E. HASKELL

Appendix No. 1891 - 10. Pp. 343-364. On observations of currents with the Direction Current Meter in the Straits of Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico, 1891. [Oceanography; Currents; Instrumentation.]

JOHN F. HAYFORD

Appendix No. 1890 - 14. Pp. 691-703. On the use of observations of currents for prediction purposes. [Oceanography; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1892 -10. On the Least Square Adjustment of Weighings. [Weights and Measures; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1895 - 9. Report on the Ruprecht Balance belonging to the United States Office of Weights and Measures. [Weights and Measures.]

Appendix No. 1898 - 7. Pp. 261-408. Determination of time, longitude, latitude, and azimuth. Part I. Determination of time by means of the transit instrument. Part II. The determination of the difference of longitude of two stations. Part III. The determination of latitude by means of the zenith telescope. Part IV. The determination of the astronomical azimuth of a direction. [Geodesy; Time; Longitude; Latitude; Azimuth; Instrumentation; Computations; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1899 - 8. Pp. 351-886. Precise leveling in the United States. Introduction; Vicksburg, Mississippi, to Meridian, Mississippi, line; Little Rock, Arkansas, to Holliday, Kansas, line; Colorado Springs, Denver, and Limon, Colorado, line; line across Florida. Direct results of observations; acknowledgements; instruments and methods previous to 1899 in Coast and Geodetic Survey; instruments and methods, 1899, Coast and Geodetic Survey; instruments and methods, United States Engineers; other instruments and methods. The level net, general adjustment; preliminary and final adjustments; observational errors including systematic error in "old" Coast and Geodetic surveying leveling; computations for elimination of systematic errors; elevations of principal points; index of bench marks; list of precise elevations; descriptions of bench marks (this is the single largest section of this report,) new instruments to be used in 1900 and justification of changes in methods and instruments. [Geodesy; Leveling; Instrumentation; Computations; Error Analysis; Data Report.]

Hayford, John F., Appendix No. 1901 - 6. Pp. 357-422. Triangulation northward along the Ninety-eighth Meridian in Kansas and Nebraska. General statement; methods and instruments used in the measurement of the horizontal angles; program of occupation of stations; adjustments; corrections to directions; accuracy as indicated by corrections to angles and closures of triangles; accord of bases and accuracy of lengths; accuracy and economy; explanation of positions, lengths, and azimuths, and of the United States Standard Datum. Index to positions, azimuths, and lengths; descriptions of stations; determination of elevations; computation, adjustment, and accuracy of the elevations; table of elevations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Instrumentation; Computations; Error Analysis; Leveling.]

Appendix No. 1902 - 3. Pp. 211-294. Triangulation in Kansas. General statement; methods and instruments used in the measurement of horizontal angles; program of occupation of stations; statement of adjustments; condition equations; accuracy as indicated by corrections to observed directions; accuracy as indicated by corrections to angles and closures of triangles; the accord of bases; accuracy and economy; explanation of positions, lengths and azimuths, and of the United States Standard Datum; index of positions, descriptions and elevations; table of positions, azimuths and lengths; descriptions of stations; general statement in regard to the determination of stations; computation, adjustment, and accuracy of elevations; table of elevations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Base Line Measurement; Leveling; Computations; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1903 - 3. Pp. 189-810. Precise leveling in the United States, 1900-03, with a readjustment of the level net and resulting elevations. The new precise level; rods and rod supports; instructions for precise leveling; examples of record and computation; correction tables; statistics of new Coast and Geodetic Survey lines. Various C&GS level lines throughout the U.S.; United States Geological Survey lines; Lake Survey lines; lines fitted to the net in New York; condensed statement of direct results of observations; tests of adjustment of 1899; circuit closures; the level net adjustment of 1903; observation equations; adopted elevations of junction points; corrections applied in 1903; comparison of various adjustments; speed, cost, and accuracy of leveling with the new instrument; index to elevations and descriptions; elevations; description of bench marks; corrections to descriptions published in Appendix No. 8, Report for 1899. [Geodesy; Leveling; Instrumentation; Appendix No. 1903 - 4. Pp. 811-930. Triangulation southward along the Ninety-eighth Meridian in 1902. General statement; the party of 1902; the methods of 1902; the new acetylene signal lamps; the light-keepers; the signal code; signals and their construction; the framing of the scaffold; raising the scaffold; designs of signals of various heights; advantages of the slender type of signal; list of tools; the building party of 1902; program of occupation of stations; statement of adjustments; condition equations; accuracy as indicated by corrections to observed directions; accuracy as indicated by corrections to angles and closures of bases; the accord of bases; a study of errors; accuracy and economy; explanation of positions, lengths, and azimuths, and of the United States Standard Datum; index to positions, descriptions, and elevations;table of positions, azimuths, and lengths; descriptions of stations; computation, adjustment, and accuracy of elevations; table of elevations. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Base Line; Error Analysis; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1904 - 6. Pp. 401-430. Precise leveling from Red Desert, Wyoming, to Owyhee, Idaho, 1903. Instruments and rods; results and their accuracy; various lines; rail elevations; statistics of lines; use of railroad rail as a rod support; comments on the leveling; descriptions of bench marks. [Geodesy; Leveling.]

Appendix No. 1904 - 7. Pp. 431-450. Precise leveling from Holland to New Braunfels, Texas, 1903. Instruments and rods; results and their accuracy; results of the leveling; rail elevations; statistics of the line; comments on the leveling; descriptions of bench marks. [Geodesy; Leveling.]

Appendix No. 1904 - 8. Pp. 451-488. A test of a transit micrometer. Theory of the transit micrometer; short history of the transit micrometer; description of the Coast and Geodetic Survey transit micrometer; principal direct results; relative personal equation; accuracy as shown by the residuals in time sets; accuracy of bisection of a star; most favorable speed of driving heads; number of records needed for each star; influence of errors of right ascension; number of nights necessary for the required degree of accuracy; summary of conclusions; literature of the transit micrometer. [Geodesy; Instrumentation; Geodetic Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1905 - 4. Pp. 193-242. Precise leveling from Red Desert, Wyoming, to Seattle, Washington, 1903-1904. General statement; instrument and rods; first connection between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by precise leveling; results and their accuracy; various sections of line; rail elevations; statistics of lines; comments on leveling; descriptions of bench marks. (The Coast and Geodetic Survey was instrumental in both advocating and providing the framework for the United States to adopt mean sea level as its vertical datum. The first connection from sea to sea was a milestone in this effort.) [Geodesy; Leveling.]

Appendix No. 1905 - 5. Pp. 243-282. Triangulation along the Ninety-eighth Meridian, Lampasas to Seguin, Texas. (Although the west coast had long segments of north south triangulation which was primarily designed for controlling hydrography, the Ninety-eighth Meridian survey was the first great north-south arc designed specifically for geodetic purposes in the western hemisphere. Ultimately, it became an international effort and was completed through the United States, continued north through Canada to the Arctic Ocean and south through Mexico to the Pacific Ocean.) [Geodesy; Triangulation; Arc Measurement.]

Appendix No. 1907 - 3. Pp.67-104. Hayford, J.F., and Baldwin, A.L. The earth movements in the California earthquake of 1906. General statement; extent of new triangulation; the old triangulation; permanent displacements produced by the earthquakes of 1868 and 1906. Tables of displacements: Group I, northern part of triangulation; Group II, southern end of San Francisco Bay; Group III, vicinity of Colma; Group IV, Tomales Bay; Group V, Vicinity of Fort Ross; Group VI, Point Arena; Group VII, Southern part of primary triangulation. Summary of distribution of earth movement; discussion of assumptions; changes in elevation. (Although the Coast Survey had made many incidental measurements in the earth-quake prone region of California before and after major earthquakes including the Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857, this represented the first time that it conducted a geodynamic study solely for the purpose of determining regional earth movements.) [Geodesy; Geophysics; Seismology.]

DANIEL L. HAZARD

Appendix No. 1899 - 9. General report on the magnetic survey of North Carolina. Introduction; historical sketch of the fundamental phenomena of the Earth's magnetism; general account of the magnetic survey of North Carolina ; magnetic instruments and methods; variations of the magnetic declination; secular variation of the magnetic declination in North Carolina; table of magnetic declinations at the county seats from 1750 to 1900; distribution of the magnetic declination in North Carolina; directions to surveyors concerning the use of the county meridians; description of the magnetic stations. [Geophysics; Magnetism.]

Appendix No. 1902 - 6. Pp. 333-366. Hazard, D.L.and Bauer, L.A. Results of magnetic dip and intensity observations made by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey between January, 1897, and June, 1902. Preface; introduction; summary of results; results from other sources; magnetic observatories; instruments; methods of observing; comparisons of dip circles; corrections to dip circles; accuracy of results; arrangement of the table; table of results of dip and intensity observations. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Computations; Instrumentation; Data Report.]

NICHOLAS HUNTER HECK

Heck, N.H., Appendix No. 1907 - 7. Pp. 547-562. Long wire drag. (This paper marks the advent of Nicholas Heck as a force in the development of wire drag. A NOAA vessel that was designed originally for wiredrag work is named for Heck. Heck went on to an illustrious career as an inventor, hydrographer, and geophysicist.) [Hydrography; Instrumentation.]

EDWIN HERGESHEIMER

Appendix No. 1867 - 5. Pp. 55-56. The pantograph; its use in engraving. [Cartography; Printing.]

Appendix No. 1879 - 11. P. 191. Report on the preparation of standard topographical drawings. [Cartography; Topography; Printing.]

Appendix No. 1880 - 13. Pp. 172-200. A treatise on the plane table and its use in topographical surveying. Description; alidade, new style; old style; adjustments; field work; three-point problem; by construction; by trigonometry; determination of position by resection; Bessel's method by inscribed quadrilateral; by construction of similar triangles; practical modes of determining, from the triangle of error, the position of a fourth point by resection upon three fixed points; Lehmann's method; Netto's method; two-point problem; representation of the terrain; table of heights; example; formula for determining heights by a vertical angle and distance; example; comparison of feet and meters; regular and irregular method of determining curves; adjustment of the new alidade for observation of altitudes; example; distance; stadia; composed of two parts, rod and telescope with vertical arc; focal distance; its relation to distant object; table for reduction of hypotenuse to base; projection for field sheets. [Topography; Instrumentation; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1881 - 7. Pp. 124-125. Type forms of topography, Columbia River. Discussion of the forms of hills and mountains of the Columbia River Basin below Wallula. [Topography; Geology.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 14. Pp. 367-368. Report on the preparation of standard topographical drawings. List of drawings which represent various special types of topography with topographical drawings to be used as guides for inking original plane-table sheets. [Cartography; Topography; Drafting.]

J. HEWSTON, JR.

Appendix No. 1853 - 35. P. 89. Boiler incrustation. Analysis of two specimens of deposit from the boiler of the Coast Survey steamer HETZEL. [Ship; Miscellaneous.]

JULIUS ERASMUS HILGARD

Appendix No. 1854 - 39. P. 121. Discussion of probable error of observation with a Wurdemann 26-inch portable transit; from observations by G. Davidson in 1853. [Instrumentation; Geodesy; Astronomy; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 55. P. 192. On the action of sea water on metals used in the construction of instruments and on magnetic needles. (This short paper resulted from Hilgard's observation of the instruments submerged in sea water for approximately three weeks and then recovered following the sinking of the Coast Survey Schooner PHOENIX in Mississippi Sound in January, 1854. The PHOENIX was struck and sunk by a tornado. It was subsequently raised. Fortunately, no lives were lost in this disaster as the PHOENIX sunk in relatively shallow water and all hands clung to the mast and rigging of the PHOENIX until the storm abated.) [Miscellaneous; Instrumentation; Ship.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 47. Pp. 295-306. Table of magnetic declinations in geographical order from Coast Survey observations; with notes by A. D. Bache and J. E. Hilgard. Discussion of magnetic declination: (1) Northern part of the Gulf of Mexico; (2) Atlantic coast; (3) Pacific coast. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 27. Pp. 208-209. Azimuth. A method of using the transit instrument for azimuth observations; form of record and reduction. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Azimuth.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 28. Pp. 209-225. (1839-1855.) Terrestrial magnetism. A. D. Bache and J.E. Hilgard. Discussion relative to its distribution in the United States. Methods and sources used; corrections for secular variation; construction of maps; comparison of maps for declination, dip, and intensity; supplementary note on Mexican observations; Table I, Atlantic Gulf and Pacific coast sections; Table II, near parallel 35o, Whipple's expedition; III, from various new sources -- lakes, territories, Panama; IV, residual differences between the Coast Survey observations, reduced to 1850, and the values obtained from the accompanying map. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 56. Pp. 291-292. Mississippi sound. Details of the work of triangulation; signals and station marks. [Triangulation.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 58. Pp. 296-307. Projection tables. Table applicable to the projection of maps of large extent and minimum distortion in represented area; method; earth's dimensions; Table I, of coordinates for projecting the points of intersection of meridians and parallels; II, length , in meters, of one degree of latitude and longitude from latitude 20o to 54o; values of the corresponding radii of the developed parallel, and angles at each pole for 10o of longitude; III, tables for converting measures (A) of meters into statute miles; (B) of statute miles into meters; (C)of meters into yards; (D) of yards into meters; (E) of yards into miles; IV, length of a degree of the meridian in nautical and statute miles for each fifth degree of latitude between 20o and 50o; V, length of a degree of longitude for each degree of latitude from 19o to 54o, expressed in nautical and statue miles; VI, radii and polyconic development of a sphere with radius = 1. [Cartography; Projections.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 61. Pp. 310-316. Theodolite test. Examination and trials made of a 10-inch theodolite, applicable to the testing of instruments of like construction. [Geodesy; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 45. Pp. 395-398. Base apparatus for measuring subsidiary lines. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 24. Pp. 191-192. Magnetic elements. Continuation of Appendix No. 1856 - 28. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Data Report.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 33. Pp. 328-358. Projection tables for maps of large extent. Table I, length in meters of 1o of latitude and longitude, values of the corresponding radii of the developed parallel, and angles at each pole for 10o of longitude; II, coordinates of curvature. [Cartography; Projections.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 35. Pp. 357-361. Repeating theodolite. Supplement to Appendix No. 1856 -61. [Instruments.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 23. Pp. 236-238. Dipping needle. Description of a new form of axis, changeable in position. [Geophysics; Magnetism; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 26. Pp. 248-255. Base- measuring apparatus. Results of experiments for determining the length and rate of expansion by heat of the six-metre standard bar, with the table of comparisons of standard bar with six metres. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1863 - 24. Pp. 206-207. Harrison Globe Lens. On tests made at the Coast Survey office. [Cartography; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 9. Pp. 140-144. Railways, on the use of, for geodetic surveys. Wheel records; linear measurement; rectification of curves; reduction of the measured lines and angles to a simpler system. [Geodesy; Triangulation.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 10. P. 145. Reflector. Description of a new form of geodetic signals. [Geodesy; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1869 - 12. Pp. 226-232. On the use of the zenith telescope for observations of time, with an example of observation. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1869 - 13. Pp. 233-234. Abstract of a paper read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 16, 1869, on the earthquake wave of August 18, 1868. [Geophysics; Seismology.]

Appendix No. 1872 - 13. Pp. 227-234. Preliminary report on the determination of transatlantic longitudes. Brest, Greenwich, Paris; results of observations for personal equation; longitudes: Brest-Greenwich, Brest-Paris, Greenwich-Paris, Brest-St. Pierre, Harvard Observatory-Greenwich, Washington-Greenwich, Washington-Paris. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 13. P. 137. Note on intervisibility of stations. [Geodesy; Reconnaissance.]

Appendix No. 1874 - 16. P. 154-155. Ocean salinometer. [Oceanography; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1874 - 17. Pp. 156-159. Two forms of personal equation apparatus for transit observations. Examples of observations; observations for absolute personal equation; etc. [Geodesy; Computations; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1874 - 18. Pp. 163-242. Transatlantic longitudes. (This appendix is a full report on the transatlantic telegraphic longitude determinations of 1866, 1870, and 1872. As such, this is the first official report of accurate non-ambiguous differences of longitude between the European continent and North America. This report is the culmination of a quarter century of effort beginning with the early 1840's transatlantic chronometer expeditions instituted by the Bond's of Harvard Observatory and Superintendent Alexander Dallas Bache of the Coast Survey.) [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude; Computations; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 21. P. 400-401. Chart of magnetic declination in the United States, 1875. [Geophysics; Magnetism.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 22. Pp. 402-406. The relation of the lawful standards of measure of the United States to those of Great Britain and France. [Weights and Measures.]

Appendix No. 1877 - 10. Pp. 108-113. Optical densimeter for ocean waters. [Oceanography; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1877 - 11. Pp. 114-147. An examination of three new 20-inch theodolites. [Instruments.]

Appendix No. 1877 - 12. Pp. 148-181. Comparison of American and British standard yards. [Weights and Measures.]

Appendix No. 1880 - 17. Pp. 341-345. Base apparatus. An account of a perfected form of the contact slide apparatus used in the Coast and Geodetic Survey. [Instruments.]

Appendix No. 1881 - 12. Pp. 354-356. On the length of a nautical mile. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 17. Pp. 619-621. Description of a relief model of the depths of the sea in the Bay of North America and Gulf of Mexico. A detailed description of the model; oceanic depressions and terrestrial elevations contrasted; addendum giving effect of an assumed reduction in the depth of the sea of 100 fathoms. [Oceanography; Marine Geology.]

W.C. HODGKINS

Appendix No. 1893 - 8. Pp. 177-222. I, a historical account of the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Delaware. II, Detailed account of work on the Pennsylvania and Delaware boundary by W.C. Hodgkins. [Geodesy; History.]

T.B. HUGER

Appendix No. 1858 - 13. Pp. 150-151. Cape Fear entrances. Recent changes in hydrography. [Hydrography.]

EDWARD BISSELL HUNT

Appendix No. 1853 - 36. Pp. 90-93. Notes on lithography and lithographic transfer. [Cartography; Printing.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 37. Pp. 93-94. Hunt's aligning reflector or interranger. [Hydrography; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 38. Pp. 94-96. Saxton's self-registering tide gauge. (This was the first automated tide gauge used by the Coast Survey and was designed and made by Joseph Saxton, the great Coast Survey instrument maker.) [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1853 - 39. Pp. 96-163. Tables for projecting maps, with notes on map projection. C.A. Schott and E.B. Hunt. Map projections classified and defined; Bonne's or modified Flamsteed's projection; the polyconic, its properties and varieties; formulas used for the computation of projection tables in use at the Coast Survey Office; graphic construction of polyconic projections; rectangular polyconic method; Table I, relation between the measures of length used in different countries; II, tables for converting (A) meters into statute miles; (B) statute miles into meters; (C) meters into yards; (D) yards into meters; (E) yards into miles; III, length of a degree of the meridian in nautical statute miles for each fifth degree of latitude between 20o and 50 o ; IV (A) length of a degree of longitude between the parallels of 17o and 50o, for each degree of latitude, expressed in nautical miles; (B) length of a degree of longitude between the parallels of 17o and 50o for each degree of latitude, expressed in statute miles; V (A), length, in meters, of 1o of latitude and longitude for each degree of latitude between 17o and 50o; (B) coordinates of curvature for each degree of longitude from 1o to 35o between latitudes 17o and 50o; VI, projection tables giving latitude and longitude arcs and coordinates of curvature, from latitude 24o to 50o. [Cartography; Projections.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 35. Pp. 103-108. Base-measuring apparatus, description of as used in the Coast Survey. [Geodesy; Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 57. Pp. 201-212. Art and practice of engraving. Coast Survey topographic engraving; the office, its organization and history; its artistic and technical aspects and its prospects. [Cartography; Printing.]

Appendix No. (Not Numbered) - 1854. Pp. 230-279. Consolidated alphabetical index of the annual Coast Survey Reports from 1844 to 1853 inclusive. [Index.]

Appendix No. (Not Numbered) - 1854. Pp. 280-285. Index of sketches contained in the annual Coast Survey reports for 1844 to 1853 inclusive. [Index.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 67. Pp. 325-330. Index of scientific subjects. Report of the plan adopted and progress made in its preparation. [Index.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 68. Pp. 331-333. Abbreviations of scientific terms with suggestions for securing uniformity in scientific references. On systematizing the abbreviations of titles of periodicals, transactions, etc. [Index.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 47. Pp. 398-401. Sounding apparatus. (The described apparatus was a novel invention by E.B. Hunt that employed an India rubber bag that was lowered to the bottom. Pressure changes would determine depths which in turn were automatically recorded on paper. This was one of the earliest self-recording depth finding instruments and was one of the earliest to diverge from "line-and-sinker" technology.) [Hydrography; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 51. Pp. 404-414. Index of scientific references, progress made toward completion. [Index.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 31. Pp. 213-216. Dynamics of ocean currents. [Oceanography; Currents; Gulf Stream.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 32. Pp. 217-222. Florida Gulf Stream. Notices of certain anomalies; changes of current depending upon the wind and season. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream; Currents; Meteorology.]

Appendix No. 1862 - 25. Pp. 241-248. Florida reef; its origin, growth, substructure, and chronology. [Oceanography; Marine Geology.]

Hunt, E.B., Appendix No. 1863 - 25. P. 207. Titles of scientific papers. (Published posthumously as Hunt had died in an accident while developing the "Sea Miner", a torpedo-like weapon. Major Edward Bissell Hunt would have been much better known had he survived the Civil War. He was possibly the most scientifically accomplished United States military officer of the mid-Nineteenth Century. Review of his works show him to be a futurist who understood that his work and the work of his civilian colleagues was not only for the moment, but for posterity.) [Index.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 12. Pp. 132-136. Description of the compensation base apparatus of the United States Coast Survey. (This is a reprint of Appendix No. 1854 - 35. Major Edward Bissell Hunt died during the Civil War as the result of an accident occurring in the testing of a torpedo-like weapon called the "Sea Miner" in 1863. If not for this accident, Hunt most assuredly would be better known within the American science and history communities as he still would have had many productive years ahead of him.) [Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation.]

EDWARD JADERIN

Appendix No. 5 - 1893. Pp. 125 - 164. On the measurement of base lines with steel tapes and with steel and brass wires. Translated by: J.H. Gore. [Base Line Measurement; Instrumentation.]

WILLIAM M. JOHNSON

Appendix No. 1857 - 44. Pp. 390 - 391. Coast of Santa Barbara Channel. [Reconnaissance; Topography.]

E.O. KENDALL

Appendix No. 1854 - 38. P. 120. Moon culminations observed at the Central High School Observatory, Philadelphia. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

DR. J. G. KOHL

Appendix No. 1855 - 64. Pp. 374-375. Abstract of a complete historical account of the progress of discovery on the western coast of the United States from the earliest period. [History; Geographic Exploration.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 65. Pp. 319-322. Annals of discovery on the Atlantic coast. Abstract of a history of the progress of discovery on the Atlantic coast of the United States. [History; Geographic Exploration.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 66. Pp. 322-324. Annals of discovery, Gulf of Mexico. Abstract of a memoir on the discovery and geographical development of the shores of the Gulf of Mexico within the limits of the United States. [History; Geographic Exploration.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 52. Pp. 414-433. Western coast annals of maritime discovery and exploration. Report of the method and scope of a memoir on. [History; Geographic Exploration.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 19. Pp.495-617. History of discovery and exploration on the coasts of the United States. Preface; abstract. I. History of discovery and exploration on the Atlantic coast: the Northmen; Sebastian Cabot, 1497; Ponce de Leon, 1512; Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, 1520-1525; John de Verrazano, 1524; Estevan Gomez, 1525; English voyage, 1527; Spanish expeditions, 1524-1543; Jean Ribout; Sir John Hawkins, 1565; Florida, 1565-1574; Sir Walter raleigh; John White, 1587-1590; New England, 1602-1605; Gosnold and Gilbert; 1602; Martin Pring, 1603; Bartholomew Gilbert, 1603; Sieur de Monts and Champlain, 1605; George Weymouth, 1605; Christopher Newport; 1606; John Smith, 1607; Popham and Raleigh, 1607; Samuel Argall, 1613; John Smith, 1614; Henry Hudson, 1609; David Pietersz de Vries, 1632; table of maps of the Atlantic coast of North America published between 1500 and 1770.

II. Discovery and exploration of the Gulf of Mexico. Columbus, 1492-1502; Sebastian Cabot, 1497; Juan Diaz de Solis and Vincente Yanez Pinzon, 1506; Sebastian de Ocampo, 1508; Juan Ponce de Leon, 1512; Velasquez, 1511-1514; Diego Miruelo, 1516; Cordova; Grijalva and Alaminos, 1518; Cortez, 1519; Don Alonzo Alvarez Pineda, 1519; Narvaez, 1520; Pineda and Camargo, 1520; Francisco de Garai, 1523; Narvaez, 1527-1536; De Soto, 1539; Diego Maldonado, 1540; Andres de Ocampo, 1543; Guido de Las Bazares, 1558; French and English adventurers, 1555-1567; Menendez 1573; New Mexico, 1581-1583; Robert de la Salle, 1682; Juan Enriquez Barroto, 1685; Iberville, 1698-1699; St. Joseph's Bay, 1718; Galveston Bay, 1721; Charlevoix, 1722. Titles and copies of maps of Gulf of Mexico. III. Discovery and exploration of the Pacific coast of the United States. California, 1532-1534; California, 1535-36; California, 1539-1540; Sir Francis Drake, 1579; Francisco Gali and Jayme Juan, 1584; Sebastian Rodriquez Cermenon, 1595; Sebastian Vizcaino, 1596; New Mexico and California, 1582-1717; Juan Ugarte, 1722, 1732, 1746, 1766; Russian expeditions; French expeditions, 1769; Franciscans and Vancouver, 1769-1792; Missions, 1769; Don Juan Battista Anza, 1774; Sonora-San Diego, 1775; Northwestern coast, 1775; San Francisco Bay, 1775; Santa Clara Mission, 1769, 1779; James Cook, 1778, La Perouse, 1785-1787; John Meares, 1788; Strait of Fuca, 1789; Don Manuel Quimper; 1790; Malaspina, 1791; Marchand, 1791; Vancouver, 1792-1795; Galiano and Valdez, 1792; Caamano, 1792; W. R. Broughton, 1795-1798; Lewis and Clark, 1804-1806; Russian expeditions, 1803-1806; Fur companies, 1806-1821; Russian settlements, 1812-1841; missionary travels; F. W. Beechey, 1827; Edward Belcher, 1836-1842; French exploration, 1820-1842; U.S. expeditions, 1820-1847; U.S. Exploring Expedition under Charles Wilkes, 1841; Oregon and California, 1842-1846; W. H. Emory, 1846-1847. List of titles of maps of western coast. History; Geographic Exploration.]

C.H. KUMMEL

Appendix No. 1890 - 13. Pp. 685-687. On an approximate method of computing probable error - by C. H. Kummel, Computing Division. On the determination by least squares of the relation between two variables - by Professor Mansfield Merriman, late Acting Assistant. [Computations; Error Analysis.]

Appendix No. 1892 - 12. Pp. 535-552. On the direct synthetic method of adjusting a triangulation. [Computations; Geodesy; Triangulation.]

Appendix No. 1896 - 7. Pp. 293-304. A new solution of the geodetic problem. [Computations; Geodesy; Triangulation.]

J. HOMER LANE

Appendix No. 1871 - 16. Pp. 189-192. New form of mercurial horizon, in which vibrations are easily extinguished. Directions for setting up and using. [Geodesy; Instrumentation.]

WILLIAM LIBBY, JR.

Appendix No. 1891 - 7. Pp. 279-281. On an investigation of the relations of cold and warm ocean currents off the New England coast, by the U.S. Fish Commission, with the cooperation of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. [Oceanography; Currents; Fisheries.]

O.M. LIEBER

Appendix No. 1860 - 42. Pp. 402-408. Geology of the coast of Labrador. [Geology.]

GEORGE LITTLE

Appendix No. 1880 - 12. Pp. 145-171. Blue clay of the Mississippi River. List of authorities; geological history of the Mississippi River; southern drift; bluff or loess; loess or loam; the Mississippi bottoms; Port Hudson; water; soils I to V, analysis; summary; Sections 1 to 44; formations, sections, and localities tabulated. [Geology.]

ADOLPH LINDENKOHL

Appendix No. 1869 - 14. P. 235. Solution of the three-point problem, by determining the point of intersection of a side of the given triangle with a line from the opposite point to the unknown point. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Computations.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 13. Pp. 435-438. Geology of the sea bottom in the approaches to New York Bay. Prefatory remarks; characteristics of sea bottom: (1) a well-defined submarine valley; (2) an area of clay bottom extending about 100 miles seaward; (3) a deep ravine at the edge of the continental slope, the Hudson River fiord. [Oceanography; Deep Sea Soundings; Marine Geology.]

Appendix No. 1895 - 6. Pp. 355-369. Notes on the specific gravity of the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream.]

Appendix No. 1898 - 9. Pp. 463-471. Problems of physiography, concerning salinity and temperature of the Pacific Ocean. Includes sections on Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea, and Central Pacific Ocean. [Oceanography; Marine Geology.]

EDWARD P. LULL

Appendix No. 1883 - 7. Pp. 137-237. A table of depths for the harbors of the coasts of the United States. Prepared in outline by Commander Edward P. Lull, U.S.N.. Expanded and extended by Assistant J. S. Bradford and Mr. John W. Parsons. Tides; table of depths for Atlantic coast, Gulf Coast, Pacific coast, Alaska and Arctic coasts, and eastern coast of Asia. [Hydrography; Coast Pilot; Data Report.]

JOHN NEWLAND MAFFITT

Appendix No. 1854 - 14. Pp. 21-23. Beaufort Harbor, North Carolina. Its capacity, changes, and improvements. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 17. Pp. 153-155. Cape Fear entrances, North Carolina. Elements of physical changes wrought. [Hydrography.]

HENRY L. MARINDIN

Appendix No. 1877 - 9. Pp. 104-107. Apparatus for observing currents devised for use in the Mississippi River. Description of floats; diagram. [Oceanography; Currents; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1880 - 9. Pp. 110-125. Comparison of the surveys of Delaware River in front of Philadelphia, 1843 and 1878. [Hydrography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1880 - 10. Pp. 126-134. Comparison of surveys of Mississippi River in the vicinity of Cubitt's Gap. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1882 - 15. Pp. 427-432. Comparison of the survey of Delaware River of 1819, between Petty's and Tinicum Islands, with more recent surveys. Different cross-sections compared and changes noted. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1884 - 12. Pp. 431-434. Physical hydrography of Delaware Bay and River. Comparison of surveys of 1881 and '82 with those of 1840 and '41. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1885 - 12. Pp. 487-488. Comparison of transverse sections in the Delaware River between Old Navy Yard and east end of Petty's Island, for the years 1819, 1843, and 1878. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1888 - 9. Pp. 405-408. Tidal levels and flow of currents in New York Bay and Harbor. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1889 - 12. Pp. 403-407. Encroachment of the sea upon the coast of Cape Cod, Mass., as shown by comparative surveys. [Oceanography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1891 - 8. Pp. 283-288. On the changes of the shoreline and anchorage areas of Cape Cod (Provincetown) Harbor, as shown by a comparison of surveys made between 1835, 1867, and 1890. [Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1891 - 9. Pp. 289-341. Cross sections of the shore of Cape Cod, Mass., between the Cape Cod and Long Point light-houses. [Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1892 - 5. Pp. 225-241. On the tides and currents in the harbor of Edgartown and Katama Bay, Martha's Vineyard. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1892 - 6. Pp. 243-252. On the changes of the ocean shorelines of Nantucket Island, Mass., from a comparison of surveys made in the years 1846 to 1887 and in 1891. [Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1895 - 5. Pp. 347-354. Report on the changes in the depths on the bar at the entrance to Nantucket inner harbor, Mass., between the years 1888 and 1893. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1896 - 8. Pp. 305-346. Tables of cross sections on the north shores of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, Mass. From the survey of 1894. [Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

GEORGE MATHIOT

Appendix No. 1851 - 55. Pp. 541-553. Electrotyping operations of the Coast Survey. Adhesion of deposit to matrix; actions in the electrolytic solution; laboratory apparatus; manipulation of apparatus. [Cartography; Printing; Instrumentation; Electromechanics.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 31. Pp. 54-57. On electrotype operations and chemiglyphic experiments. [Cartography; Printing; Instrumentation; Electromechanics.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 56. Pp. 193-201. Mathiot's self-sustaining battery. Its principles and workings. [Miscellaneous; Electromechanics.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 61. Pp. 366-368. Galvanic experiment. Time required to produce the maximum intensity of a voltaic current. [Electromechanics.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 62. P. 369. Electrotype art. Improved method for joining detached plates by electrotyping. [Cartography; Electromechanics.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 63. Pp. 370-373. Mathiot's branch-circuit galvanometer. On a method of measuring galvanic currents of great quantity. [Miscellaneous; Electromechanics.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 62. Pp. 316-317. Electrotypes. On the result of experiments made in printing from thin plates. [Cartography; Printing; Electromechanics.]

Appendix No. 1866 - 20. Pp. 130-138. Electrotyping operations. Historical; adhesion of deposit to matrix; time and expense of electrocasting; actions in the electrolytic solution; laboratory apparatus; manipulation of apparatus. [Printing; Electromechanics.]

WILLIAM P. McARTHUR

Appendix No. 1850 - 31. Pp. 119-120. Report accompanying a reconnaissance chart of the western coast of the United States from Monterey, Cal., to the Columbia River, Oregon. [Reconnaissance; Hydrography.]

McArthur, W.P., Appendix No. 1851 - 51. Sailing directions for entering the Columbia River as far as the harbor of Astoria. [Coast Pilot; Hydrography.]

JOHN MECHAN

Appendix No. 1858 - 34. P. 224. Eastern coast of Florida, south of St. Johns River. Report of Subassistant J. Mechan on local characteristics. [Reconnaissance.]

THOMAS CORWIN MENDENHALL

Appendix No. 1891 - 15. Pp. 503-564. Determinations of gravity with the half-second pendulums of the Coast and Geodetic Survey at stations on the Pacific coast, in Alaska, and at the base stations, Washington, D.C., and Hoboken, N.J. [Gravity.]

Appendix No. 1892 - 1. Pp. 1-51. On the variation of latitude at Rockville, Md., as determined from observations in cooperation with the International Geodetic Association. Part I: Description of the station, instruments, and methods of observing, by Edwin Smith. Part II: Reductions of the observations and discussion of the results, by C.A. Schott. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Latitude.]

Appendix No. 1892 - 8. Pp. 329-503. On the measurement of the Holton base, Holton, Ripley County, Ind., and the St. Albans base, Kanawha County, W. Va. Prefatory remarks by T.C. Mendenhall. Part I: extracts from the records and the reports of A.T. Mosman. Part II: The iced bar and base tape apparatus and results of measures made with them on the Holton and St. Albans bases. - by R.S. Woodward. Part III: The new secondary base apparatus of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as used in the measurement of the Holton base, Indiana. - by O.H. Tittmann.

Appendix No. 1893 - 6. Pp. 165-172. Fundamental standards of length and mass. [Weights and Measures.]

Appendix No. 1893 - 7. Pp. 173-176. Units of Electrical Measure. [Weights and Measures.]

MANSFIELD MERRIMAN

Appendix No. 1890 - 13. Pp. 685-687. On an approximate method of computing probable error - by C. H. Kummel, Computing Division. On the determination by least squares of the relation between two variables - by Professor Mansfield Merriman, late Acting Assistant. [Computations; Error Analysis.]

ORMSBY M. MITCHEL

Appendix No. 1849 - 5. Pp. 72-78. Mechanical record of astronomical observation. Revolving disk; arrangement for recording differences of declination. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Instrumentation; Latitude.]

Appendix No. 1851 - 9. Pp. 137-145. Report on a new method of recording differences of north polar differences, or declination, by electro-magnetism. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Latitude; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 23. P. 190. Moon culminations, etc. Number of observations made by him for the Coast Survey. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 21. P. 278. Moon culminations. Observations made for the Coast Survey at the Cincinnati Observatory for longitude purposes. [Geodesy; Astronomy; Longitude.]

HENRY MITCHELL

Appendix No. 1854 - 29. Pp. 35-37. Reports by Henry Mitchell and G.A. Fairfield on Nantucket and Marthas Vineyard Sound tides. Method of securing Mitchell's tide gauge; remarks on swells. [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1854 - 53. Pp. 190-191. Seacoast tide-gauge. Description of tide-gauge used at stations on the open seacoast and in situations exposed to strong currents. [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1855 - 33. Pp. 222-223. Nantucket Sound. Tidal observations. Interference phenomena. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 37. Pp. 261-263. Interference tides. On observations made in Nantucket and Marthas Vineyard Sounds. [Oceanography; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1856 - 39. Pp. 264-266. New York Harbor and dependencies. On tidal and current observations made in New York Harbor, city docks, Newark Bay, and the Kills. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 35. Pp. 350-354. Tides and currents in the Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds and in the East River. Hell Gate and vicinity, tides and currents; Hudson River levelings; Nantucket and Marthas Vineyard sounds, tides and currents. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1857 - 50. Pp. 403-404. Mitchell's tide gauge for deep water. [Oceanography; Tides; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1858 - 28. Pp. 204-207. East River and New York Bay. On the observations of surface currents and subsurface currents. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1859 - 26. Pp. 311-317. New York Harbor. On its physical survey, with description of apparatus for observing the currents. [Oceanography; Currents; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1860 - 39. P. 398. Mitchell's sounding apparatus for acquiring specimens in shallow water. [Hydrography; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No 1866 - 5. Pp. 35-44. Florida Straits. Report on soundings; northern approach; southern approach; difficulties in the way of laying a telegraph cable; remarks upon lines and leads; table of soundings across the Straits of Florida from Sand Key to El Moro, 1866. [Oceanography; Deep Sea Soundings; Instrumentation.]

Appendix No. 1866 - 6. Pp. 44-46. Hell Gate tides (East River, New York.) Preliminary report on the interference tides of Hell Gate, with directions for reducing the soundings. Table of relative elevations of tidal planes from observations; tides and currents of Hell Gate, from observations of 1857. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 13. Pp. 158-169. Tides and currents of Hell Gate, N.Y. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 14. Pp. 170-175. Merrimack River, Massachusetts. Surveys respecting its navigation, with tables. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1867 - 15. Pp. 176-179. Soundings in the Gulf Stream between Key West, Florida, and Havana. Table I, soundings in the Gulf Stream near the coast of Cuba, 1867; II, current observations. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream;

Appendix No. 1868 - 11. Pp. 166-167. Note on Gulf Stream observations. Decrease of bottom temperature in still-water channels. [Oceanography; Gulf Stream; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1869 - 5. Pp. 75-104. Reclamation of tide lands, and its relation to navigation. (1) General discussion; scour of tidal and river currents; general rule of bar scouring; parallel works; traverse works; physical history of salt marshes; shingle levees; other natural levees; Peirce's criterion; (2) field work; Green Harbor River; North River; tabular sections of shingle levees; sand beach; section of slueway formed by Minot's gale; general rise; local changes of heights of tide - tables; effect of a dam; general conclusions relative to the projects of reclamation; shore of Nahant; tabular sections; maps and diagrams. [Oceanography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1869 - 15. Pp. 236-259. Reports concerning Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket. -- H. L. Whiting and H. Mitchell. Edgartown Harbor, changes; Vineyard Haven its character as a port of refuge and present condition; Tables of exposures of anchorages in: Provincetown Harbor; Vineyard Haven; Great Woods Hole; Tarpaulin Cove; Old Stage Harbor; New Bedford Harbor and Quicks Hole; Plymouth Harbor; Boston Harbor and Hull Bay, President Roads, Georges Roads; Marblehead Harbor; Salem Harbor; Gloucester Harbor; Upper and Lower Bay, New York Harbor; anchorage room and average exposure in respective harbors. Surveys; physical aspects and peculiarities; Edgartown tides; Nantucket tide tables; elements of the field work. [Topography; Hydrography; Coast Pilot; Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 11. Pp. 98-99. Extract from a report relative to a method of determining differences of elevation along the course of a tidal river, without the aid of a leveling instrument by setting up graduated staves at such distances apart that the slacks of the tidal currents extend from one to another. -- Rule: The difference in the elevations of the zeros of the tide gauges is equal to one-half the sum of the differences of their readings at the two slack waters. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Geodesy; Leveling.]

Appendix No. 1870 - 18. Pp. 180-181. On the probable effect of extended piers in modifying the channel facilities of San Francisco near Yerba Buena Island. [Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 8. Pp. 110-133. Harbor of New York, 1873. Increase of Jersey Flats; changes in Buttermilk Channel; changes in the vicinity of Middle Ground Shoal and Gowanus Bay; changes at and near the Sandy Hook Entrance; tides and currents; phenomena in the pathway of the Hudson; movement through East River; East River and Hudson tidal current compared; relations of East River movements to those over the bar. Explanatory letter of Benjamin Peirce, Superintendent of the Coast Survey. [Hydrography; Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 9. Pp. 134-143. Nausett Beach and Monomoy Peninsula. Physical history of the Monomoy area; recent movement of Chatham Beach. [Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1871 - 10. Pp. 144- 153. Hints and suggestions upon the location of harbor lines. Value of tidal volume; encroachment on the channels; isodynamic lines; anchorage and winding room; requisite depths of frontage; length of slips; riparian rights; laws establishing harbor lines. [Hydrography; Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Shoreline Changes; Laws.]

Appendix No. 1872 - 16. Pp. 257-261. Middle-ground shoal, New York Harbor. Tables of current observations. [Oceanography; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 8. Pp. 94-102. Physical survey of Portland Harbor. Correspondence; velocities of tidal currents; diagrams. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 9. Pp. 103-107. Additional report concerning the changes in the neighborhood of Chatham and Monomoy. The real point of interest; corrections to previous paper; results of the last survey. [Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1873 - 10. Pp. 108-109. Changes in the submerged contours of Sandy Hook. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1874 - 12. Pp. 135-147. Terminal points of the proposed canals through Nicaragua and the Isthmus of Darien. Greytown; history of the harbor; causes of its decline and final destruction; the work of restoration; obstructions of the lower San Juan; Uraba mouth of the Atrato and conclusions relative to improvement of the Uraba; Brito; conclusions; Limon and Chiri Chiri Bays; general exposure. [History; Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1875 - 11. Pp. 189-193. Recent observations at South Pass Bar, Mississippi River. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 9. Pp. 143-146. Changes in the harbor of Plymouth, Mass. Comparisons to Champlain, 1605, and Blaskowitz, 1774. General conclusions and remarks. [Cartography; Hydrography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 10. Pp. 147-185. Physical survey of New York Harbor. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 11. Pp. 186-189. Report concerning the location of a quay or pier line in the vicinity of the United States Navy Yard at New York. [Shoreline Changes; Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1876 - 12. Pp. 190-191. Review of the characteristics of South Pass, Mississippi. [Hydrography; Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1877 - 8. Pp. 98-103. Alleged changes in the relative elevations of land and sea. Salt marshes; rocks; Perce Rock, Isle Perce; Green Ledge; Mary Ann Rocks; Bulwark Shoal; Drunken Ledge; Brazil Rock; Jig Rock; Trinity Ledge; Harding's Ledge; Great Ledge. [Geology; Oceanography; Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1878 - 9. Pp. 121-175. Physical survey of the Delaware River at Philadelphia. The channel; form of cross-section; tables of transverse curves of velocity. [Hydrography; Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1879 - 10. Pp. 175-190. Physical hydrography of the Gulf of Maine. General description; tides and currents; George's Bank. [Hydrography; Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1879 - 13. P. 199-200. Addendum to a report on a physical survey of the Delaware River. [Hydrography; Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1881 - 18. Pp. 464-469. Report on a new rule for tides in Delaware Bay and River. Proposed new rule for the currents of Delaware River; currents of Delaware Bay; "Station No. 4," outside of Cape Henlopen - lighthouse bearing nearly west by compass; diagram showing manner of computing middle line; rule; table of currents of Delaware Bay; table of currents of Delaware River; note relative to the lines of high and low water in Delaware Bay and River; progress of tide in Delaware Bay and River. [Oceanography; Currents; Tides.]

Appendix No. 1882 - 16. Pp. 433-436. Study of the effect of river bends in the Lower Mississippi. Introductory remarks; inductions; a comparison of air-line and river distances with mean depths, mean widths, and mean areas in the Mississippi River; bend effects in the Mississippi River from 4.5 miles below Fort Saint Philip to near Point Houmas, 150. 8 miles; inferences; authority for data. [Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1883 - 8. Pp. 239-245. The estuary of the Delaware. Introductory remarks; term estuary defined; table of half-tide dimensions of the estuary of the Delaware; diagram representing mean depths, widths, and sectional areas for each nautical mile; table giving progress of the tide in Delaware Bay and River; discussion concerning tide; resume of data used; estuary of the Delaware; table of widths, areas, and depths. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1885 - 11. Pp. 483-485. A plea for a light on St. Georges Bank. Exact position unknown in early times; position now accurately known but unmarked; its position with reference to important surrounding points; benefit to be derived by European commerce and that of New York, New England, and New Brunswick from light-house; size of the fishing fleet on and crossing the bank; importance of light and horn as a guide to this fleet; great loss of life and vessels under present conditions; shoal directly on shortest route from New York to British Channel, and near routes of ocean commerce of Massachusetts Bay and Bay of Fundy; fishing fleet delayed for want of signal; loss of largest privateer of 1812 (the DART) on St. Georges Bank; suggestion that memorial be erected in form of lighthouse. [Miscellaneous; History.]

Appendix No. 1886 - 8. Pp. 255 - 261. A report on Monomoy and its shoals. Tonnage of the vessels navigating these water; dangers to navigation; comparison of Capt. Paul Pinkham's survey of 1784 and the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart of 1885, with a sketch of the two surveys. Also a report by Assistant Charles O. Boutelle concerning the earliest topographical survey of Monomoy, with sketch. [Hydrography; Topography; Shoreline Changes.]

Appendix No. 1886 - 10. Pp. 267-279. A report on the Delta of the Delaware. Joe Flogger Shoal; method of comparing old and new surveys; diagram showing cross-section of Joe Flogger Shoal; results of comparisons; table of comparative dimensions of Joe Flogger Shoal; tables for main channel and Blake's Channel near Joe Flogger Shoal. [Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1886 - 13. Pp. 409-433. On the circulation of the sea through New York Harbor. Types of tidal profiles; field work of 1886; recapitulation; current observations taken by the Naval parties, October, 1886; East River tides and tidal currents; table giving lunar intervals of upper and lower restorations of level between Governor's Island and Willet's Point, with synchronous heights at other stations, for eight tides between October 4 to 6, 1886; maximum and minimum slopes; table giving a comparison of restorations of level ; maximum slope (by reaches) of the East River, October 4 to 6, 1886; comparison of slopes Governor's Island to Willet's Point; intervals and heights of restoration of level between New York Harbor (Governor's Island) and Long Island Sound (Willet's Point), from observations of October, 1886; currents; tables of slope and velocity in East River; tables showing decomposition of tides; graphic decomposition of tides; comparison of mean levels at Governor's Island and Willet's Point; concluding remarks. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1887 - 6. Pp. 159-163. On the movements of the sands at the eastern entrance of Vineyard Sound. A continuation of the discussion of the changes among the Monomoy Shoals; table of tides and currents at the entrance of Vineyard Sound; composition of tidal forces; tides at entrance of Vineyard Sound graphically represented. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents; Hydrography.]

Appendix No. 1887 - 13. Pp. 269-273. Addendum to Appendix No. 8, report of 1883, on the estuary of the Delaware; table giving physical elements of the estuary of the Delaware, with introductory letter. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

Appendix No. 1887 - 15. Pp. 301-311. Report on the results of the physical surveys of New York Harbor. Part I. The underrun of the Hudson River; its relation to New York bar; underrun in the Hudson during the dry season; tables giving the densities at different depths, from observations taken in the summer of 1885; currents at different depths at various localities; depth of neutral plane below surface; limit of the tide, as affecting the scour of the channels in New York Harbor. Part II. Courses of the Hudson tides through New York Harbor; slopes of the Hudson and East Rivers; synchronous tides in the tract of the Hudson. [Oceanography; Tides; Currents.]

HUGH C. MITCHELL

Appendix No. 1911 - 6. Pp. 415-579. Triangulation along the east coast of Florida, and on the Florida Keys. General statement; the triangulation; adjustment of triangulation; the United States Standard Datum; tables of positions, azimuths, and lengths; descriptions of stations; index to positions, descriptions, and sketches; sketches. [Geodesy; Triangulation; Base Line Measurement; Latitude; Longitude; Azimuths; Computations; Error Analysis.]

FREMONT MORSE

Appendix No. 1902 - 4. Pp. 295-300. The hypsograph. [Instrumentation; Geodesy; Leveling.]

A.T. MOSMAN

Appendix No. 1892 - 8. Pp. 329-503. On the measurement of the Holton base, Holton, Ripley County, Ind., and the St. Albans base, Kanawha County, W. Va. Prefatory remarks by T.C. Mendenhall. Part I: extracts from the records and the reports of A.T. Mosman. Part II: The iced bar and base tape apparatus and results of measures made with them on the Holton and St. Albans bases. - by R.S. Woodward. Part III: The new secondary base apparatus of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as used in the measurement of the Holton base, Indiana. - by O.H. Tittmann.

ALEXANDER MURRAY

Appendix No. 1860 - 41. Pp. 399-402. Labrador expedition. Report of a voyage on the steamer BIBB to northern Labrador to observe a total eclipse of the sun. [Geographic Exploration; Tides and Currents. See also Appendix No. 1860 - 21, Solar Eclipse, July 18, 1860.]

graphic determination of the force of gravity at Baltimore, Md., from simultaneous pendulum observations at Washington and Baltimore. [Gravity.]

Appendix No. 1895 - 7. Pp. 371 - 380. Graphic method of reducing stars from mean to apparent places. [Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1896 - 6. Pp. 285-291. Establishment of the United States Naval Observatory Circle, and the determination of the geographical position of the center of the clock room. [Geodesy; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1896 - 10. Pp. 353-371. Determination of the constant of aberration from latitude observations with the zenith telescope at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, and San Francisco, Cal. [Geodesy; Latitude; Astronomy.]

Appendix No. 1898 - 6. Pp. 247-260. Report on the proceedings of the International Geodetic Association Conference at Stuttgart, Germany, October 3 to 12, 1898, and on geodetic operations in the United States. a)The general conference; International Latitude Service; gravity measures; figure of the Earth; Peruvian arc; longitude of Paris, Greenwich; scientific institutions at Berlin, Potsdam, Paris, Sevres, Southampton. b) Geodetic operations in the United States; introduction; triangulations and arcs; astronomical work; miscellaneous operations; present and future operations; work of the United States Engineers. [Geodesy.]

Appendix No. 1899 - 3. Pp. 245-272. The International Geodetic Association for the Measurement of the Earth. Preface. I. Origin and growth including Russian and German work, first organization, list of general conferences. II. International Geodetic Convention; III. administrative and scientific activity; IV. Proceedings of the Twelfth General Conference. [Geodesy.]